Fluid Hemodynamics

Question 1

body fluid percentages

Answer 1

H2O, 60% of body weight

Plasma, fluid portion of blood, 5% of body weight

Question 2

plasma can be expanded or reduced by

Answer 2

Loss by diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding, sweat or burn

Retention by non renal excretion

redistribution of body fluids

Disruption of flow and tissues vessels

Question 3

Pathogenesis of edema

Answer 3

excess fluid in the interstitial space or cavities

Localized, an organ or tissue cavity
- Cerebral pulmonary edema
-ascites hydrothorax

Generalized - anascara

Question 4

Pathogenesis of edema, inflammatory

Answer 4

acute inflammation

Mechanism- vessel permeability, hyperemia
Dilation of precapillary arterials, Transudate, exudate

Question 5

Pathogenesis of edema, hydrostatic

Answer 5

congestive heart failure, hypertension

mechanism- increased arterial pressure, venous back pressure

promotes passage of fluids through vessel wall
-Venous pressure increases I Retro, great fashion,
-venous stasis, or Venous edema

Question 6

exudate

Answer 6

typical of inflammation

Rich in protein and blood cells

Increased permeability of vessels

Question 7

transudate

Answer 7

less protein and fewer cells

Ultrafiltrate of plasma fluid by
-increased hydrostatic pressure in vessel
-Decreased oncotic pressure of plasma from low albumin
-Lymphatic obstruction
-Sodium retention- increased tissue hydration

Question 8

Oncotic

Answer 8

Mechanism- reduction in colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) of plasma

typically generalized- lax tissue
-protein loss in urine nephrotic syndrome
-Low protein synthesis, liver disease, cirrhosis

Hypoalbuminemia- hypoproteinemia
-Albumin is the most active osmotic plasma proteins

Question 9

obstructive

Answer 9

Lymphedema elephantiasis

Decrease drainage of interstitial fluid from non-reabsorbed fluid at venous ends of capillaries

occluded by tumors or chronic inflammation or parasites worms- falaria

Question 10

Hypervolemic

Answer 10

Mechanism- attention of sodium and H2O in kidneys
action of a system- renin angiotensin aldosterone

Question 11

kidney disease

Answer 11

And low blood pressure and normal status
Releases renin

Question 12

renin stimulates what?

Answer 12

Formation of angiotensin

Question 13

angiotensin acts on what?

Answer 13

Acts on adrenal cortex and releases aldosterone

Question 14

aldosterone promotes what?

Answer 14

Promotes renal sodium and water retention

Question 15

clinical forms of edema

Answer 15

Cerebral edema
Pulmonary edema
Pitting, edema of lower extremities
Periorbital facial edema
Hydrothorax
Hydroperitoneum ascites
Anascara

Question 16

Left sided heart failure

Answer 16

pulmonary congestion
edema and pleura effusion

Question 17

right side heart congestion

Answer 17

Congestion of liver spleen ascites lower, limb, venous, congestion, and edema

Question 18

Hypo perfusion of kidneys

Answer 18

release of renin
Stimulates formation of angiotensin (liver)
Acts on adrenal cortex - release of aldosterone, Renal retension of water in sodium
Aggravates heart failure, and edema

Question 19

Edema in lungs

Answer 19

chronic passive congestion- anoxia- pulmonary fibrosis

Increased venous pressure leads to extravasation of RBCs into the alveoli- alvolar edema

Hemoglobin catabolized to hemosiderin and stored in my systems of intra-alveolar, macrophages- heart failure cells