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Physiology Test 2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

diagnostic value -blood

A

understanding an individuals blood status can be of great diagnostic value

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2
Q

rehabilitation- blood

A

the oxygen carrying capacity of blood can impact a clients ability to exercise and participate fully during rehabilitation

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3
Q

blood disorders

A

anemias compromise oxygen carrying capacity of blood
hemophiliacs lack certain clotting factors and develop bleeding in the joints

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4
Q

treatments - blood

A

anticoagulants treat deep vein thrombosis
clotting factor replacement treats hemophilia

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hematologic disorders

A

edema
Infarction
Thrombus
Lymphedema
Bleeding bruising
Shock
lymphadenopathy - splenomegaly

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6
Q

aging and the hematopoietic system

A

percentage of hematopoietic tissue decline with age plateau at 50 years

Decreased total serum iron
-decreased total iron binding capacity
-Decreased intestinal absorption of iron

Increased fragility of plasma membranes
-Rise in fibrinogen and platlet adhesiveness

Decrease in peripheral Hb and hematocrit

Decline and cellular immunity

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7
Q

Stem cell

A

pluripotent

In bone marrow

Colony stimulating factor CSF

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8
Q

erythropoietin

A

kidney

Growth factor for erythroid cell lineage outside the bone marrow

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9
Q

plasma composition

A

water 92%
Protein, 7%
Salts and gases 1%

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10
Q

total plasma protein content

A

60% is made up of albumin

Albumin is involved in osmotic pressure, regulation in capillaries

additional plasma proteins include gobulins, fibrinogen and transferrin

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11
Q

Three types of blood cells

A

Red blood cells- erythrocytes
white blood cells- leukocytes
platelets- thrombocytes

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12
Q

Red blood cells function

A

transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide waste

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13
Q

White blood cell main function

A

Regulate immune function

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14
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T cells and B cells specific immune responses

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15
Q

Monocytes and neutrophils

A

are phagocytic

Monocytes become tissue macrophages

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16
Q

eosinophils and basophils

A

eosinophils involved in allergy

Basilophils become mast cells, release histamine during tissue injury

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17
Q

hematopoiesis take place where?

A

Takes place in the bone marrow

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18
Q

All blood cells come from a single stem cell called what?

A

referred to as the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

commits to specific fates, lineages, giving rise to distinct mature blood cells in circulation

Specific programs for the development of distinct cell types

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19
Q

maturation of blood cells in bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis cells mature migrate through bone marrow enter venous sinusoids, as mature cells

mature cells, enter circulation by squeezing between endothelial cells

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20
Q

Interpreting the complete blood count, CBC

Study These Flashcards
A

The CBC is a blood panel that provides information about the status of an individual’s blood

The CBC values are compared to normal. Standard range is typically found in males and females.

Abnormal CBC values indicate the potential for disease, including anemia, infection, allergy, and cancer

21
Q

High hematocrit suggest what?

Study These Flashcards
A

dehydration or polycythemia vera

22
Q

low hematocrit suggest what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Presence of anemia

23
Q

High hemoglobin level, suggest what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Suggestive of polycythemia vera, renal cancer, or living at high altitude

24
Q

low hemoglobin suggest?

Study These Flashcards
A

Presence of anemia

25
high total count of white blood cells may suggest
Sign of bacterial or viral infection rheumatoid arthritis or inflammation
26
Low white blood cell count can be a sign of
Rheumatoid arthritis, cancer chemotherapy, or malnutrition
27
high neutrophil numbers are associated with
Infection
28
high eosinophil count can be a sign of
Allergy
29
accelerated RBC loss
cause of anemia Hemorrhage internal bleeding Hemolytic anemia- sells rupture at abnormally high rate Sickle cell anemia- genetic Acquired anemia- malaria and autoimmune reactions
30
decreased RBC production
Cause of anemia Iron deficient anemia Folic acid deficiency vitamin B 12 deficiency Inadequate production of erythropoietin Aplastic anemia- radiation
31
normal cell shape
Uniform with biconcave shape Central pale area and red ring
32
Normocytic normochromic anemia
dilutional anemia Bleeding chronic infection
33
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Iron deficiency thalassemia
34
Macrocytic, normochromic anemia, megaloblastic
Deficiency of vitamin B 12 and or Folic acid
35
anemias characterized by abnormal red blood cell shapes
sickle cell anemia Elliptocytosis Spherocytosis
36
hemoglobin synthesis requires what?
Dietary iron
37
transferrin carries what?
Carries iron to the bone marrow and incorporate it to hemoglobin
38
hemoglobin composed of
Four globin Chains, each centered around heme group called porphyrin ring
39
oxygen is accommodated
In the porphyrin ring
40
Spleen destroys what?
destroys old RBCs in hemoglobin converted to Bilirubin Liver disease prevents BiliRubin metabolism, and gives a jaundice appearance
41
hemostasis definition
Physiological process that stops bleeding at the site of an injury while maintaining blood flow elsewhere in the circulation
42
Three. Major steps of hemostasis.
vasoconstriction platelet plug formation Coagulation Platelets and clotting factors needed
43
Platelet plug information and vasoconstriction
Platelets stick to expose collagen in damaged vessels activated platelets release -Platelet activating factor -Thromboxane A2 Reinforce vasoconstriction attract more platelets Coagulation relies on those platelets and specific clotting factors, enzymes, synthesized in the liver
44
Four steps in platelet plug formation
exposed collagen, activates, platelets Release of platelet factors Factors attract more platelets Platelets form a plug
45
coagulation cascade
All factors are proteins produced by the liver Except for factor IV= calcium both pathways converge at factor Xa this catalyzes, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin PT prothrombin time = extrinsic, and common pathway
46
Anticoagulants
heparin Antithrombin Plasminogen
47
Endogenous anticoagulants
heparin Antithrombin III Protein C Prostacyclin
48
endogenous fibrinolysis factors
Plasminogen and plasmin Tissue plasminogen activator tPA

Physiology Test 2 (12 decks)

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