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Physiology Test 2 > Middle GI > Flashcards

Middle GI Flashcards

1
Q

Secretion in middle G.I.

A

enzymes
mucous goblet cells
bicarbonates
bile

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2
Q

Digestion in middle G.I.

A

polypeptides
Carbohydrates
fats
Nucleic acids

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3
Q

absorption in middle G.I.

A

amino acids, peptides
monosaccharides
Fatty acids cholesterol monoglycerides
Nitrogenous bases
Water, ions, minerals, vitamins

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4
Q

motility of middle G.I.

A

moves through within 7-9 hours
Mixing and propulsion by segmentation , some peristalsis

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5
Q

duodenum

A

c-shaped course pylorus to duodenojejunal flexure

Tall columnar epithelium

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6
Q

duodenum secretion

A

secretin hormone

cholecystokinin hormone

bile from liver and pancreatic fluid

mucosal globlet cell to neutralize acidic content from stomach

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7
Q

duodenum digestion

A

primary site for chemical digestion

bile- bile salts emulsifies fat to fat droplets
pancreatic juice neutralize acid and digestion
- pancreatic lipase- fat
- pancreatic amylase- carb
- pancreatic proteases- protein

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8
Q

absorption in duodenum

A

Short villi

Sugar, fats, amino acids

Minerals

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9
Q

Hormone secreted by the duodenum

A

secreting
cholecystokinin

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10
Q

jejunum

A

villi for absorption

Fluid sodium, minimal nutrients calcium fat, soluble vitamins

Crypt sells for intestinal, fluid secretion
- washout pathogens
-Lubrication
-Vehicle for antibodies

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11
Q

illeum

A

delivers to large intestine
2 L of fluid is delivered to large intestine

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12
Q

Celiac sprue

A

malabsorption syndrome
hypersensitivity wheat gluten gliadin, resulting in immune mediated destruction of villi

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13
Q

lactase deficiency

A

milk intolerance
With manifestations of osmotic, diarrhea and bloating due to fermentation of lactose in the colon

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14
Q

vitamin B 12 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic, anemia, and Neurologic degeneration caused by demyelination

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15
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Terminal ileum

Narrow lumen - intestinal strictures bleeding

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16
Q

Acute appendicitis

A

McBurney’s point painful right lower quadrant

Symptoms arise by local inflammatory reaction ulceration

Necrotize

Rupture

Nausea, vomiting, fever, pain

17
Q

mechanical, obstructive, ileus

A

atresia or stenosis, stricture
vascular constriction, ischemia, necrosis

Hernia
Intussusception
volvulus
Adhesions
Neoplasms

18
Q

Liver

A

glycogen and vitamin storage

Waste product, hormonal, and drug removal

Immune Kupffer cells

Bile acids and bile pigment

Important for lipid assimilation
Bile pigment is Bilirubin
Breakdown product of hemoglobin
elimination by feces and urine

19
Q

What controls the blood glucose?

A

Liver

Control a blood glucose, consume glucose, or add glucose to the blood

20
Q

low blood glucose concentration

A

Liver oxidizes fatty acids for energy and synthesizes ketones to be metabolized by other tissues

21
Q

High blood glucose or amino acid concentrations

A

liver converts them to fatty acids and triglycerides storing in adipose tissue

Lipids convert to Lipo proteins for transport
Chylomicrons deliver, dietary lipids to circulation

22
Q

How does the liver synthesize nonessential amino acids or removes excess amino acids?

A

By converting them to glucose or lipids

23
Q

when amino acids are broken down…

A

Uria is formed in the liver and is excreted in the urine

24
Q

the liver consumes amino acids for what

A

For synthesis of serum proteins, like albumin, clotting factors, hormone binding proteins

25
Q

bilirubin test for liver

A

Assess the function of the hemoglobin breakdown and excretion pathway

26
Q

albumin test for liver

A

total protein

Provide a rough assessment of overall synthetic function

27
Q

prothrombin time test for liver

A

assess extrinsic clotting pathway

28
Q

ammonia levels for liver test

A

Assess detoxification functions

29
Q

HCO3 rich fluid from pancreas

A

Neutralize acid from the stomach stimulated by secreted

30
Q

Pancreatic duct joints the common bile duct to form

A

Common excretory doctor, which is guarded by the sphincter of Oddi

31
Q

Secretion is coordinated when

A

chyme enters the small intestine

32
Q

Two pathways stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion

A

Neurotransmitter acetylcholine acts as the M3 muscarinic receptors

Hormone cholecystokinin CCK ask via the CCK A receptor

33
Q

Pancreatic autodigestion is prevented by

A

produced as inactive precursors called zymogens

activation of zymogens occurs outside the pancreas in the small intestine

34
Q

which hormone stimulates bicarbonate secretion

A

Secretin

Physiology Test 2 (12 decks)

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