Upper Extremity Flashcards
What is the Shoulder Girdle made of?
Clavicle + Scapula + Proximal Humerus
What are the 3 marks of the clavicles?
Sternal and Acromial ends & Body
What are the two curves of the clavicle and where are they located?
-Convex anteriorly at sternal end
-Concave anteriorly at acromial end
T/F
-When you go more medially in a sagittal image, the clavicle becomes more dense and larger; can see the articulation between the manubrium
True
What is the scapula divided by?
scapular spine
What fossa is loctated on the superior part of the clavicle?
superior=supraspinous fossa
What fossa is located on the inferior part of the scapula?
inferior=infraspinous fossa-divided by the spine
What fossa is located on the anterior part of the scapula?
anterior side=subscapular fossa
T/F
The scapula runs diagonally and expands out
True
Where is the scapular notch located in relation to the coracoid?
Medial to the coracoid
What nerve is travels along the scapular notch?
suprascapular nerve
T/F
Sometimes the superior margin of the scapular notch is more prominent
True
What does the Scapular spine divide?
Divides the posterior region into the infraspinous and supraspinous fossa
What is the origin of the deltoid?
clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
Where does the deltoid insert?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
S – Supraspinatus
I – Infraspinatus
T – Teres minor
S – Subscapularis
Where does the supraspinatus muscles lie?
lies in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Where does the tendon of the Supraspinatus Muscle insert?
Tendon inserts into the humeral head (greater tubercle).
What shape is the Infraspinatus Muscle?
Triangular
Where does the tendon of the Infraspinatus Muscle insert?
Tendon inserts on to the greater tubercle of the humerus.
Where does the teres minor muscle lie?
Lies along the inferior border of the infraspinatus muscle
Where does the teres minor muscle originate?
axillary border of the scapula
Where does the teres minor muscle insert?
inserts on to the greater tubercle
What is the only muscle of the rotator cuff located on the anterior surface of the scapula?
Subscapularis
Where does the subscapularis originate?
subscapular fossa
Where does the subscapularis insert?
lesser tubercle of the humerus
T/F
The subscapularis runs lateral from the shoulder
True
What is the shape of the Trapezius muscle?
Large, triangular muscle
What does the Trapezius cover?
Covers the posterior aspect of the neck and superior half of the trunk
Where does the Trapezius insert?
Inserts into the clavicle, acromion & scapular spine
What does the Trapezius Connect the upper limbs to and via what?
Connects upper limbs to the cranium via the external occipital protuberance (buldge at the back of your skull) and to the vertebral column via the spinous processes of C7 – T12.
T/F
The trapezius is quite superficial
True
How can we say that the infraspinatus is not the supraspinatus in this image?
We are into the glenohumeral joint; and the supraspinatus runs above that joint
What does the proximal humerus articulate with?
Articulates with the scapula
What is the proximal end of the humerus formed by?
Proximal end formed by the head of the humerus
What are the tubercles of the humerus seperated by?
intertubercular groove
What are the two necks of the proximal humerus?
anatomic and surgical
What muscles are contained within the ventral group of the upper arm?
contains the biceps brachii and the brachialis
What muscles are contained within the dorsal group of the upper arm?
contains the triceps brachii
How are the upper arm muscles divided?
ventral and dorsal groups according to their position
Where are the two heads of the biceps brachii located?
Located proximally on the humerus
Where does the tendon of the long head arise from and where does it travel to meet with the tendon of the short head?
From the supraglenoid tubercle and courses through the intertubercular groove to merge with the tendon of the short head.
Where does the short head of the biceps brachii arise from?
The coracoid process and join with the long head to form the biceps brachii muscle.
What does the biceps brachii terminate into?
Terminates in two tendons
Where does the stronger tendon of the biceps brachii insert into?
The stronger one inserts into the radial tuberosity.
Where does the brachialis muscle originate?
From the anterior surface of the distal humerus
What does the brachialis muscle cover?
The anterior surface of the elbow
Where does the brachialis muscle insert?
The ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process.
T/F
The brachialis muscle is considered to be the most important flexor of the elbow joint.
True
What are the 3 heads of the triceps brachii muscle?
long, medial and lateral
Where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
Where does the lateral head of the triceps brachii arise from?
The dorsal surface of the proximal humerus.
Where does the medial head of the triceps brachii arise from?
From the dorsal surface of the proximal humerus distal to the radial groove.
Where do all 3 heads of the triceps brachii insert?
Tendon of the 3 heads inserts on the olecranon process.
What is the muscle immediately anterior to the humerus distally?
brachialis
What is the most lateral artery of the upper arm?
Subclavian
When subclavian artery crosses the clavicle what does it become?
Becomes the axillary
What does the axillary artery become?
Brachial artery
What side of the arm is the brachial artery located on?
On the medial aspect of the arm
Once the brachial artery runs by the elbow, what does it become?
The radial artery
What are the veins that insert into the subclavian?
Axillary and cephalic
What vein is located just anterior to the deltoid muscle?
Cephalic
T/F
The cephalic vein comes in on the lateral and joins the subclavian
True
Where does the basillic vein join the axillary vein?
Basilic vein joins the axillary vein on the medial aspect
T/F
The brachial vessels are located superficial to the basilic and cephalic vessels.
False; The brachial vessels are located DEEP to the basilic and cephalic vessels.
T/F
The basilic vein more prominent than artery
True
What are the two distinct prominences located on the distal humerus?
medial & lateral condyles, with associated epicondyles (superiorly)
What are the anterior fossas of the distal humerus called?
Coronoid (medial) & radial (lateral)
What is the posterior fossa of the distal humerus called?
Posterior fossa: Olecranon
What are the 2 cartilage covered articular surfaces on the distal humerus?
2 cartilage covered articular surfaces: trochlea (medial) & capitulum (lateral)
What does the trochlea articulate with?
Trochlea articulates with the ulna
What does the capitulum articulate with? What does it form?
Articulates with the radial fossa of the radius, to form the elbow joint
What carpal bones are located in the proximal row?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
What carpal bones are located in the distal row?
Trapezoid, capitate, hamate, trapezium
T/F
The pisiform since sits anterior in the hand
True
What row; proximal or distal articulates with the metacarpals?
Distal
T/F
The capitate is the only carpal bone that articulates with two metacarpals (4+5th)
False; Hamate
T/F
All of the carpal bones other than the hamate articulate with each corresponding bone
True
What carpal bones articulate with the radius?
Lunate and scaphoid
