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Sectional Anatomy > Skull-Part 2 > Flashcards

Skull-Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the ethmoid bone?

A

Floor of cranium. Inferior to frontal bone and anterior to sphenoid (non-technically: centre of face, behind nose).

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2
Q

What are the articulations of the ethmoid?

A

Sphenoid, frontal, vomer, INC, lacrimal, nasals, palatines and maxillae.

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3
Q

What is the the location of the frontal bone?

A

Forehead, extending down to form the upper surface of the orbits. Anterior roof of the skull.

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4
Q

What are the articulations of the frontal bone?

A

Sphenoid, ethmoid, parietals, nasals, lacrimal, maxillae and zygomas

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5
Q

What is the location of the occipital bone?

A

Posterior wall and base of cranium.

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6
Q

What are the articulations of the occipital bone?

A

Parietals, temporals, sphenoid and atlas

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7
Q

What is the location of the parietal bone?

A

Form most of the superior part of the cranium

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8
Q

What are the articulatioins of the parietal bone?

A

Frontal, occipital, sphenoid and temporals

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9
Q

What is the location of the sphenoid bone?

A

Situated at base of cranium

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10
Q

What are the articulations of the sphenoid bone?

A

All cranial bones, pterygoid processes with vomer and palatine

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11
Q

What is the location of the temporal bone in relation to the skull and the sphenoidal wings (greater)?

A

Lateral aspect of skull, posterior to the greater sphenoidal wings

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12
Q

What are the articulations of the temporal bone?

A

Sphenoid, parietals, occipital, mandible, and zygomas

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13
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa made of?

A

Made of frontal bone, ethmoid, lesser wing of sphenoid

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14
Q

What is the Middle cranial fossa made of?

A

Sphenoid, temporal bones

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15
Q

What is the Posterior cranial fossa made of?

A

Jugular foramen, occipital, foramen magnum

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16
Q

What structures are located within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobe of the cerebrum, the pituitary gland, optic nerves and chiasm, cavenours sinus, hypothalamus and internal carotid artery

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17
Q

What is another name for the posterior cranial fossa?

A

infratentorial fossa

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18
Q

What structures are contained within the anterior crainial fossa?

A

Fronal lobes of the cerebrum and olfactory bulbs

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19
Q

What structures are contained within the posterior crainial fossa?

A

Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain, some crainial nerves

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20
Q

What bone is this describing?

Forms part of the sides and base of the cranium

A

Temporal bone

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21
Q

What are the different portions of the temporal bones?

A

Divided into squamous, tympanic, mastoid and petrous portions

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22
Q

What portion of the temporal bone projects upwards to form parts of the sides of the cranium?

A

Thin squamous portion projects upwards to form parts of the sides of the cranium

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23
Q

What bone extends anteriorly from the squamous portion of the temporal bone?

A

The zygomatic process

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24
Q

What does the zygomatic process form?

A

Forms part of the zygomatic arch

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25
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa?

A

Articular eminence at the base of the process forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa (groove in the temporal bone)

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26
Q

Where does the tympanic portion of the temporal bone lie? What does it form?

A

Lies below the squamous portion and forms the majority of the EAM.

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27
Q

Where is the mastoid process of the temporal bone located in relation to the typanic portion?

A

Located just posterior to the tympanic portion

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28
Q

What is the prominent conical region on the temporal bone called?

A

Mastoid process

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29
Q

Mastoid process provides a site of attachment for the ? muscle.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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30
Q

What structures does the mastoid process enclose?

A

The mastoid process encloses the mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum

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31
Q

What is the Mastoid antrum?

A

Air filled cavity that communicates between the mastoid air cells and the middle ear (tympanic cavity

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32
Q

Where is the petrous portion of the temporal bone situated in relation to the sphenoid and occipital bones?

A

Situated at an angle between the sphenoid and occipital bones

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33
Q

What does the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid form?

A

Forms the anterior bony limit of the posterior fossa

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34
Q

What canal is located near the center of the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid?

A

Internal auditory canal

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35
Q

What does the interior of the petrous pyramid house?

A

The delicate middle and inner ear structures

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36
Q

T/F

Other openings associated with the petrous pyramid are the jugular foramen (IJV) and carotid canal (ICA).

A

True

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37
Q

What does the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid give rise to?

A

The styloid process

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38
Q

What is the styloid process attached to?

A

Attached to several muscles of the tongue and ligaments of the hyoid bone

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39
Q

What fills up the mastoid process?

A

Mastoid air cells filling up the mastoid process

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40
Q

What structure is located anterior to mastoid air cells?

A

EAM

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41
Q

What structure is located deep to the EAM?

A

Deeper you see the tympanic cavity

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42
Q

Where is the jugular foramen located?

A

Located on the posterior side of the petrous pyramid

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43
Q

Where is the canal which houses the carotid artery allocated?

A

-On the anterior side of the pyramid (once it enters the skull its running through the pyramids on the anterior portion)

44
Q

Where is the EAM located in relation to the TMJ?

A

Posterior to the TMJ is the EAM

45
Q

What is the cartilaginous structure of the ear called

A

The oracle

46
Q

What does the posterior wall of the mandibular fossa (made of temp bone) form?

A

The anterior wall of the EAC and the anterior wall of the mastoid air cells

47
Q

As we move in from the EAC, there is a narrowing in the EAC between the two bony portions. What is this called?

A

This is known as the isthmus of the EAC

48
Q

What separates the middle ear from the EAM

A

Tympanic membrane

49
Q

What does the Tympanic membrane extend from? In what direction?

A

Extends anteriorly from the scutum (this is what the tympanic membrane attaches to)

50
Q

T/F

Posterior side of the petrous ridge is the jugular foramen

A

True

51
Q

Where is the opening into the internal auditory canal located?

A

On top of that petrous ridge on the posterior side is the opening into the internal auditory canal

52
Q

T/F

If you follow the petrous ridge you follow the path of the internal carotid artery

A

True

53
Q

What is the Tympanic annulus?

A

-Thin membrane separates the EAC from the tympanic portion of the bone

54
Q

What muscle is this describing?

Broad, fan-shaped and is one of several chewing muscles that is necessary for crushing and grinding objects between the molars.

A

Temporalis muscle

55
Q

What does the Temporalis muscle originate from?

A

It originates from the temporal fossa

56
Q

Where does the Temporalis muscle pass in relation to the zygomatic arch?

A

Passes medially to the zygomatic arch

57
Q

Where is the insertion for the Temporalis muscle?

A

Mandible’s coronoid process.

58
Q

Where does the sphenoid bone extend within the cranial fossa?

A

Extends completely across the floor of the middle cranial fossa

59
Q

What bone forms the majority of the base of the skull?

A

sphenoid bone

60
Q

T/F

The sphenoid bone articulates with all the cranial bones

A

True

61
Q

What portions does the sphenoid bone consist of?

A

body + greater wings (2) + lesser wings (2)

62
Q

What is the Sella turcica?

A

Depression within the body of the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland

63
Q

What is the sella turcica bounded by anteriorly?

A

By the tuberculum sella

64
Q

What is the sella turcica bounded by posteriorly?

A

Posteriorly by the dorsum sellae

65
Q

What does the dorsum sellae give rise to?

A

The posterior clinoid processes

66
Q

Fill in the blank:

The slanted area of the bone posterior and inferior to the posterior clinoid processes is continuous with the basilar portion of the occipital bone and is called the ?

A

Clivus

67
Q

What do the pons sit against?

A

The clivus

68
Q

Directly below the sella turcica are two air filled cavities called what?

A

The sphenoid sinuses

69
Q

What divides the sphenoid sinus?

A

divided by the sphenoid septum (divide into 2 portions)

70
Q

T/F

The Optic nerve travels posteriorly through the sphenoid through the optic foramen

A

True

71
Q

What forms the anterior clinoid process?

A

Triangular shaped lesser wings attach to the superior aspect of the body to form the anterior clinoid process

72
Q

What does the lesser wing provide passage for?

A

The optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.

73
Q

Where do the great wings extend?

A

Laterally from the sides of the body

74
Q

What do the sides of the body of the sphenoid contain?

A

Contain 3 paired foramina – rotundum, ovale and spinosum

75
Q

What does the 3 paired foramina within the sphenoid contain?

A

Nerves and blood vessels

76
Q

What structure extends from the inferior surface of the greater wing?

A

The pterygoid process

77
Q

What is the pterygoid process divided into?

A

Divided into medial and lateral pterygoid plates

78
Q

What bone serves as attachments for pterygoid muscles used in the movement of the lower jaw?

A

The sphenoid bone

79
Q

What side is longer of the pterygoid process? The lateral or the medial?

A

Medial is longer

80
Q

What structure is located on the medial side of the sphenoid bone that is hook shaped?

A

A pterygoid called the Hamulus.

81
Q

What does the pterygoid processes articulate with to form part of the nasal cavity?

A

The palatine bone

82
Q

What is located in the space between the greater wing and the lesser?

A

The superior orbital fissure

83
Q

What portion of the sphenoid contributes to the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

The greater wing of the sphenoid

84
Q

T/F

On the medial side of sphenoid you should see the optic canal

A

True

85
Q

T/F

Just above the nasopharynx is the sphenoid sinus

A

True

86
Q

Watch the following video:

A

https://youtu.be/UXTvNCV09Uo

87
Q

What bone forms the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Occipital bone

88
Q

Where is the foramen magnum located in relation to the brainstem and spinal cord?

A

At the junction of the brainstem and spinal cord

89
Q

Occipital condyles project inferiorly to articulate with what?

A

The C1 (atlas) at the atlanto-occipital joint.

90
Q

Which way does the anterior margin of the foramen magnum slope?

A

Slopes superiorly and anteriorly to meet with the clivus.

91
Q

What does the Basilar artery run between?

A

Runs between the pons and the clivus

92
Q

What are the two portions of the frontal bone?

A

Vertical + Horizontal portion

93
Q

What portion of the frontal bone forms the forehead?

A

The vertical portion

94
Q

What portion of the frontal bone contains the frontal sinuses?

A

Vertical portion

95
Q

Supraciliary arches are joined to each other by a smooth area termed what?

A

Glabella

96
Q

What is the roof of each orbit called?

A

Termed the orbital plate

97
Q

What portion of the frontal bone is the orbital plate located in?

A

Horizontal portion

98
Q

What portion of the frontal bone contains the majority of anterior cranial fossa?

A

Horizontal portion

99
Q

What is the Supraorbital foramen?

A

The passage of supraorbital nerve located within the Horizontal portion of the frontal bone

100
Q

T/F

Ethmoidal notch receives the horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone

A

False; Ethmoidal notch receives the CRIBIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone

101
Q

How many Parietal bones are there?

A

2 Parietal bones

102
Q

What does the parietal bone form?

A

Form the roof of the cranium and a little bit of the sides as well

103
Q

What are the sutures of the skull?

A

Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoidal suture

104
Q

What is the superior point between the parietal bones called?

A

The vertex (which is the highest point of the cranium)

105
Q

Where do the 2 parietal bones meet?

A

Meet at the midline sagittal suture.

Sectional Anatomy (19 decks)

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