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Sectional Anatomy > Unit 4-Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Unit 4-Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What direction does the femoral neck extend from the head?

A

Extends infero-laterally from the head

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2
Q

What direction does the superior portion of the greater trochanter project in relation to the head of the femur?

A

The superior portion of the greater trochanter projects above the neck and curves slightly posteriorly and medially

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3
Q

T/F

The femur provides attachments for several muscles of the gluteal region.

A

True

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4
Q

What is the site of insertion for the tendon of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

The lesser trochanter of the femur

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5
Q

What is the prominent ridge extending posteriorly between the trochanters at the base of the neck?

A

intertrochanteric crest

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6
Q

Where is the the lesser trochanter located?

A

At the medial portion of the proximal shaft

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7
Q

What is the gluteal tuberosity an attachment site for?

A

The gluteal tuberosity is an attachment site for the gluteus maximus muscle

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8
Q

What four muscles make up the Anterior Thigh Compartment?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Sartorius
  3. Quadriceps Femoris
  4. Tensor Fascia Latae

Act to flex the hip joint & extend the knee joint

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9
Q

In what direction does the Psoas muscle travel within the pelvis?

A

Psoas muscle courses inferiorly within the pelvis under the inguinal ligament to enter the anterior compartment of the thigh.

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10
Q

What muscle is located directly anterior to the head of the femur?

A

Iliopsoas

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11
Q

What does the tendon of the psoas join with to pass anterior to the hip and insert at the lesser trochanter?

A

Tendon of the psoas joins the tendon of the iliacus muscle to pass anterior to the hip and insert at the lesser trochanter

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12
Q

What area of the pelvis does the Iliacus arise from?

A

iliac fossa

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13
Q

Where is the Iliacus located in relation to the PSOAS muscle in the pelvis?

A

Loacted on the lateral aspect of the PSOAS in the pelvis?

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14
Q

T/F

The Iliopsoas is more deep at the proximal end

A

False; The Iliopsoas is more superficial at the proximal end

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15
Q

What is the most superficial muscle located at the proximal end of the femur?

A

Sartorius

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16
Q

T/F

The Sartorius is the longest muscle

A

True

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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Sartorius muscle?

A

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia.

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18
Q

In what direction does the Sartorius muscle run?

A

Runs in a supero-lateral to infero-medial direction.

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19
Q

What is the Quadriceps Femoris made of?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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20
Q

What do the inferior tendons of the Quadriceps Femoris join to form? What do they turn into? At what structure?

A

All inferior tendons merge to form the quadriceps tendon that courses over the patella and continues as the patellar ligament of the knee

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21
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus femoris?

A

AIIS

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22
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter

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23
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line

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24
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur

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25
Q

What muscle is this describing?

Short, thick, tear drop shaped muscle

A

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

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26
Q

Where is the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) located?

A

Located on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, enclosed between two layers of fascia

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27
Q

What is the origin and inserton of the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)?

A

Origin: ASIS and the anterior part of the iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial (IT) band

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28
Q

What is the insertion of the gluetus maximus?

A

iliotibial (IT) band

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29
Q

What is this describing?

Wide band of fascia that lies over the muscles on the outer surface of the thigh

A

IT band

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30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the IT band?

A

Origin: tendinous fibers of the TFL and the gluteus maximus
Insertion: lateral condyle of the tibia

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31
Q

What muscle is deep to the lateralis?

A

intermedius

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32
Q

What is the Intermedius is covered by anteriorly?

A

Intermedius is covered by the rectus femoris anteriorly

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33
Q

What 3 muscles make up the Posterior Thigh Compartment?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris

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34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Semitendinosus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial side of the anterior tibial surface

35
Q

In what direction does the Semitendinosus travel on the thigh?

A

posteromedial aspect of the thigh

36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Semimembranosus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of the tibia

37
Q

What are the origins of the Biceps Femoris? (short and long head)

A

Long head: originates at ischial tuberosity
Short head: femoral shaft

38
Q

What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

A

lateral surface of the fibular head

39
Q

In what direction does the biceps femoris extend in relation to the knee?

A

Extends inferiorly and over the lateral part of the posterior surface of the knee

40
Q

What structures are located within the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

A

Nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty Space
Lymph (most medial)

(NAVEL)

41
Q

What do the structures in the femoral traingle travel under?

A

Passes under the inguinal ligament

42
Q

Where is the femoral artery located posteriorly in relation to the muscles around it?

A

Anterior to the PSOAS portion of the iliopsoas complex

43
Q

Within the femoral triangle what does the femoral artery give rise to on the posterolateral aspect?

A

Femoral artery gives rise to a large artery (profunda femoris)

44
Q

What area of the thigh does the femoral artery supply blood to? What does it travel through?

A

The femoral artery continues down the anterior aspect of the thigh,via a tunnel known as the adductor canal
-Supplies blood to the anterior thigh muscles

45
Q

Where does the adductor canal end?

A

adductor hiatus

46
Q

At what point does the femoral artery turn into the popliteal artery?

A

As it enters the adductor hiatus, through the posterior compartment of the thigh, proximal to the knee.

47
Q

How can you tell the difference between the veins and the arteries in the lower extremities?

A

By determining which vessels are contrast filled. Once you indenity one vessel, the rest that are contrast filled will be of the same vessel.

48
Q

Once the popliteal vein travels superiorly though the adductor hiatus, what is it called?

A

The femoral vein

49
Q

Where is the femoral vein initially seen in relation to the femoral artery?

A

It is initially seen anteriorly, and lateral to the femoral artery

50
Q

T/F

At the distal femur, the vein is more lateral to the artery

51
Q

What does the femoral vein turn into?

A

external iliac vein

52
Q

When the femoral vein leaves the thigh, what strucutre does it run posteriorily to?

A

Runs posterior to the inguinal ligament

53
Q

What does the Great Saphenous Vein originate from?

A

venous vasculature of the foot

54
Q

T/F

The Great saphenous vein travels superiorly up the lateral aspect of the leg, passing anteriorly to the lateral malleolus at the ankle, and anteriorly to the lateral condyle at the knee.

A

False; Travels superiorly up the medial aspect of the leg, passing anteriorly to the medial malleolus at the ankle, and posteriorly to the medial condyle at the knee

55
Q

T/F

As the great saphenous vein moves up the leg, it receives tributaries from other small superficial veins

56
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Drains into the femoral vein

57
Q

At what level does the great saphenous vein drain into the femoral vein?

A

immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament (femoral triangle).

58
Q

Posterioly, what are the medial and lateral condyles of femur seperated by?

A

Posteriorly, they are separated by the intercondylar fossa

59
Q

T/F

The medial side soft tissue of the knee tends to be meatier

60
Q

Where is the base of the patella?

61
Q

What are the 2 facets of the patella and what are they seperated by?

A

Medial and lateral articular facets seperated by a by a prominent vertical ridge

62
Q

What are the superior articular surface of both condyles of the tibia called?

A

tibial plateaus

63
Q

What are the tibial plateus seperated by?

A

intercondylar eminence/tibial spine

64
Q

What are the two peaks of the intercondylar eminence called?

A

medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles

65
Q

What are the attatchments for the Intercondylar tubercles and the roughened area around them?

A

Cruciate ligaments and the meniscus

66
Q

What is the small articular surface on the lateral tibial condyle called?

A

Articular fibular surface

67
Q

What does the articular fibular surface articulate with?

A

Articulates with the head of the fibula

68
Q

What ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

A

Patellar ligament

69
Q

What is the attachment site for the IT band?

A

A roughened area of the lateral tibial condyle called Gerdy’s tubercle

70
Q

What is the shallow indentation on the lateral side of the distal tibia

A

Fibular notch

71
Q

T/F

The great saphenous vein is on the medial side of the knee

72
Q

What is the menisci located between?

A

Located between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateaus

73
Q

What are the two landmarks located on the menisci?

A

Divided into anterior and posterior horns

74
Q

T/F

The medial meniscus is crescent shaped and bigger

75
Q

T/F

Lateral meniscus almost forms a closed ring

76
Q

T/F

The Menisci have an oval shape

A

False;Menisci have wedge shape

77
Q

How do you tell the difference between the L and R anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Find out the side of the knee by holding up the hand that lines up with the ACL. Whichever hand that is, that will show you the right or left cruciate ligament.
That will show you the direction of the ANTERIOR CRUTIATE LIGAMENT

78
Q

T/F

The lateral malleolus travels more medially than the medial malleolus of the tibia.

A

False; Lateral malleolus travels more distally than the medial malleolus of the tibia.

79
Q

What does the Gastrocnemius arise from?

A

Arising from the medial and lateral femoral condyles

80
Q

What does the fibers of the Gastrocnemius join to form?

A

The soleus

81
Q

What does the soleus muscle form?

A

The achillies tendon

82
Q

T/F

The soleus is located deep to the gastrocnemius

83
Q

What bony anatomy does the soleus arise from?

A

The posterior tibia and the upper third of the fibula

Sectional Anatomy (19 decks)

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