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Sectional Anatomy > Unit 1-Thorax (Part 1) > Flashcards

Unit 1-Thorax (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What bony structures make up the thoracic cage?

A

-Ribs
-Sternum
-Thoracic Spine

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2
Q

What structure forms the anterior part of the thoracic cage?

A

Sternum forms anterior part of thoracic cage

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3
Q

Label 1-5

A

1=Jugular/sternal notch
2=Right clavicular notch
3=1st right coastal notch
4=2nd right coastal notch
5=Sternal angle

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4
Q

What vertebral level is the Jugular/Sternal notch located?

A

T2-T3

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5
Q

What vertebral level is the sternal angle located at?

A

T4/T5

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6
Q

Where does the clavicle join the manubrium?

A

The clavicular notch

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7
Q

What ribs attach to the coastal notches on the body of the sternum?

A

Ribs 3-7

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8
Q

What part of the ribs join at the level of xiphi?

A

Costal cartilage of false ribs join at the level of xiphi

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9
Q

What 2 muscles insert at the xiphoid process?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
  2. Transverse abdominis
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10
Q

Label 1-5

A

1-Manubrium
2-Sternal notch
3- Sternal angle
4-sternal body
5-Xiphi

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11
Q

At what vertebral level is structure #3 located?

A

T4/T5

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12
Q

What joints are formed by the ribs?

A
  1. Coastotransverse joint
  2. Coastovertebral joint
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13
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. Coastovertebral joint
  2. Costotransverse
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14
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Tubercle of rib
  2. Costovertebral joint
  3. Xiphoid process
  4. Head of rib
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15
Q

Label 5-9

A
  1. Neck of rib
  2. Vertebral end of rib
  3. Costotransverse joint
  4. Transverse process
  5. Vertebral body
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16
Q

How do we know this is a thoracic sectional slice?

A

Seeing a little bit of the lungs and liver

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17
Q

What organ sits below the thoracic cavity before abdominal cavity?

A

The liver

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18
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. Superior aperture-Thoracic inlet
  2. Inferior aperture-Thoracic outlet
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19
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

The clavicular notches

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20
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. SC joint
  2. Manubrium
  3. Clavicle
  4. Rib
  5. Thoracic aperature
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21
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Rt clavicle
  2. Rt 1st rib
  3. Rt 2nd rib
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22
Q

How can we tell this is the top of the thorax?

A

The trachea and humeral heads are visible

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23
Q

T/F

As you go lower in vertebral level, clavicles move closer together

A

True

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24
Q

Label 1

A

Lt. Costotransverse joint

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25
Q

Label 1

A

Rt. Costotransverse joint

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26
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Rt. Clavicle
  2. Superior thoracic aperture
  3. Lt. Transverse process
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27
Q

How do we know this image was taken more inferior in the thoracic cavity?

A

We know that this is more inferior because the lungs are more visible

Note the bottleneck of the contrast in the subclavian vein

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28
Q

What muscle is located between the ribs?

A

The intercoastal muscles

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29
Q

How do we know this image is taken lower in the thorax?

A

The larger vessels are visible

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30
Q

What muscle separates thoracic and abdominal cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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31
Q

Label 1

A

Diaphragm; right crus

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32
Q

What is this describing?

Connective tissue that connects the diaphragm to the lumbar spine

A

The Crus

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33
Q

T/F

We cannot identify the diaphragm without the crus

A

True

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34
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic crus come off the spine?

A

The anterior part of the lumbar spine

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35
Q

T/F

The diaphragm does not run over top of the liver.

A

False; the diaphragm does run over top of the liver

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36
Q

What are the 2 pleural layers of the lung?

A
  1. Parietal pleura
  2. Visceral pleura
37
Q

T/F

In normal chest you should not be able to differentiate parietal and visceral pleura

A

True

38
Q

What are the 3 angles of the lung?

A

Costophrenic angle, cardio phrenic angle, apex

39
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?

A

Coastal surface, mediastinal surface, diaphragmic surface

40
Q

What is the hilum?

A

An opening on the medial aspect of the lungs to allow trachea, bronchus, vasculature to move around

41
Q

How many fissures are in the left and right lung? Name them.

A

Left: 1; Left oblique fissure
Right: 2; Oblique, horizontal

42
Q

How many lobes in the left and right lung?

A

Right: 3
Left: 2

43
Q

What are the names of the right lobes of the lungs?

A

Superior/upper, middle & inferior/lower

44
Q

In which direction does the right oblique fissure run?

A

Posterosuperior to anteroinferior

45
Q

What does the horizontal fissure seperate?

A

The horizontal (minor) fissure separates the middle lobe from the superior.

46
Q

What level (landmark) does the horizontal fissure travel at?

A

At the level of the 4th costal cartilage

47
Q

T/F

The Oblique fissure is visible at the bottom when looking at a more anterior coronal image

A

True

48
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure originate?

A

From the oblique fissure at the mid-axillary line

49
Q

What vertebral level is the right oblique fissure located at posteriorly?

A

T4

50
Q

Where does the right oblique fissure end anteriorly?

A

Anteriorly ends 8cm posterior to anterior border

51
Q

What tells us we are more anterior in this image?

A

Can’t see any spine, clavicles are more medial (closer to manubrium), heart is very visible

52
Q

What tells us we are more posterior in this image?

A

Spine visible, heart not visible

53
Q

T/F

The horizontal and oblique fissure will eventually join together

A

True

54
Q

T/F

The right oblique fissure runs supero-anterior

A

False; infero-anterior

55
Q

What are the 2 lobes of the left lung?

A

Superior & inferior

56
Q

T/F

As you move more posterior in a coronal slice, the left oblique fissure will move more superior

A

True

57
Q

What is the mediastinum bordered by anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Bordered by sternum anteriorly and T-spine posteriorly

58
Q

Where is the mediastinum located and where does it extend?

A

-Located Midline region located between the pleural cavities
-Extends from the superior aperture to the diaphragm

59
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the mediastinum?

A
  1. Superior compartment
  2. Inferior compartment
60
Q

T/F

The thymus is located within the mediastinum.

A

True

61
Q

What is the superior compartment bounded by superiorly?

A

Bounded by the thoracic inlet

62
Q

What is the superior compartment bounded by inferiorly?

A

Bounded by a plane between the sternal angle and the T4-T5 disc space.

63
Q

T/F

The thymus extends into the inferior mediastinum.

A

True

64
Q

Where does the inferior compartment of the mediastinum extend?

A

Extends from inferior border of Superior compartment to diaphragms.

65
Q

What are the subdivisions within the inferior compartment of the mediastinum?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior compartments.

66
Q

Where is the anterior compartment of the mediastinum located?

A

Posterior to the sternal body and anterior to the pericardial sac

67
Q

What is the middle compartment of the mediastinum bounded by?

A

Bounded by the fibrous pericardium

68
Q

What compartment contains the pericardial sac, heart, roots of the great vessels, tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi and pulmonary vessels?

A

The middle compartment of the mediastinum

69
Q

Where is the posterior compartment of the mediastinum located?

A

Posterior to the pericardium and anterior to the inferior 8 thoracic vertebrae (T5-T12).

70
Q

Label 1

A

Thymus gland

71
Q

What compartment of the mediastinum do these organs belong to?

Thymus, Aortic arch, SVC, Lymph nodes, Trachea, Esophogus, Thoracic duct

(some may belong to more than one compartment)

A

Superior compartment

72
Q

What compartment of the mediastinum do these organs belong to?

Thymus, mediastinal fat, lymph nodes

(some may belong to more than one compartment)

A

Anterior compartment

73
Q

What compartment of the mediastinum do these organs belong to?

Pericardium, heart, ascending aorta, lower SVC, pulmonary vessels, Tracheal bifrication, main bronchi

(some may belong to more than one compartment)

A

Middle compartment

74
Q

What compartment of the mediastinum do these organs belong to?

Eso, Descending thoracic aorta, azygos, hemiazygos veins, Thoracic duct, lymph nodes

(some may belong to more than one compartment)

A

Posterior compartment

75
Q

Which is more anterior?

Trachea or Esophagus

A

Trachea

76
Q

What does the trachea split into and at what level?

A

Splits into left and right mainstem bronchi at the carina (@T4 level)

77
Q

T/F

The esophagus appears as a round air-filled structure

A

False; the trachea

78
Q

Where does the esophagus enter the abdominal cavity?

A

Enters the abdominal cavity at the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

79
Q

Where does the esophagus join with the stomach?

A

It joins the stomach at the gastroesophageal junction.

80
Q

Why is the esophagus not as defined as the trachea?

A

The esophagus collapses when it is not being used

81
Q

What structure is circled?

A

The stomach

82
Q

Where is the Carnia located?

A

T5/T6

83
Q

T/F

The esophagus is located just anteriorly to the cervical vertebra.

A

False; The esophagus is located just anteriorly to the THORACIC vertebra.

84
Q

How do we know its left mainstem bronchus shown in this image?

A

Aortic arch is visible and moves in an oblique fashion from the midline more towards the left

85
Q

What is the base of the heart formed by?

A

Both atria

86
Q

T/F

The base is the most superior part of the heart.

A

True

87
Q

What chamber is the most posterior surface of the heart.

A

The left atrium

88
Q

What structure(s) brings oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

A

-Two superior pulmonary veins
-Two inferior pulmonary veins

Sectional Anatomy (7 decks)

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