Neck Flashcards
What are the typical vertebra?
C3 - C6
What are the charecteristics of typical cervical vertebra?
-Large anterior vertebral body
-2 pedicles
-Bifid (two projections) spinous process
-2 transverse processes,
-2 inferior and superior articular processes
What does C1 articulate superioirly with? What is the joint called?
Articulates superiorly with the base of the skull (occipital bone) at the atlantooccipital joints.
Why is C1 atypical?
Lacks pedicles, laminae and spinous process
Where is the Facet for articulation with odontoid process of C2 located?
Located on the anterior arch of C1
What sits on top of the lateral masses of C1?
The superior articular processes
What do the transverse processes of the C vertebra contain?
Contain the transverse foramina
Which way does the odontoid process project?
Projects upwards from the superior surface into the anterior ring of the atlas
What structure is located lateral to the dens? What joint is formed at this location?
The superior articular processes of C2, at which the atlas articulates at the atlantoaxial joint
T/F
C7 is Atypical
True
What is the Largest and longest spinous process among cervical vertebrae?
C7
T/F
C7 has the largest bifid process.
False; no bifid process is located on the cervical vertebra of C7
What is the purpose of the pedicles?
Connects the transverse process to the rest of the anatomy
T/F
CSF in the brain is in the subarachnoid space and is continuous with the spinal cord
True
What shape is the Pharynx?
Funnel shaped
What is this describing?
Opening for both respiratory and digestive systems
Pharynx
Where does the Pharynx start and end? What does it continue as?
Extends from the base of the skull and ends inferiorly and continues as the esophagus
What part of the throat is this describing?
Opening into the nose and mouth
Pharynx
What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the most superior portion of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
T/F
The Nasopharynx is an extension of the nasal cavities
True
What are the 3 borders of the nasopharynx? Where are they located?
1.Clivus (superoposterior) (bony extension of the sphenoid bone)
2.Upper cervical spine (posteriorly)
3.Soft palate (inferiorly), extends down to the uvula
What tonsil/s are contained within the Nasopharynx? Where is/are they located?
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) in roof of the nasopharynx
What does the lateral wall of the nasopharynx contain?
Lateral wall contains auditory tube (Eustachian tube)
What does the Eustachian tube connect the middle ear to?
connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
What part of the pharynx is the Posterior extension of the oral cavity?
Oropharynx
Where does the Oropharynx extend to and from?
Extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone (bony structure)
What tonsils are located within the Oropharynx? Where are these tonsils located?
-Palatine tonsils (lateral walls)
-Lingual tonsils (base of tongue)
Palate and liguinal tonsils=have to do with the mouth
Pharynxgo tonsils=have to do with the nasal cavity
What is this describing?
At the union of the base of the tongue and epiglottis are two pouch like openings
The vallecula
A lot of times when people swallow a fish bone-the main area you are looking at is the vallecula
Where does theLaryngopharynx Extend to and from?
Between the hyoid bone and the entrance to the larynx and esophagus.
What does the Laryngopharynx continue as? At what level?
Continues as the esophagus at the level of the cricoid cartilage.
T/F
The cricoid cartilage is located posteriorly and the thyroid cartilage is located anteriorly
True
How does the epiglottis appear on an axial image?
C shaped in an axial image
T/F
If we are at the level of the epiglottis, we will see the hyoid bone.
True
What is the Voice box?
The larynx
Where does the larynx begin?
Begins at the laryngopharynx
Where does the larynx continue to?
Continues to trachea
T/F
The larynx marks the beginning of the respiratory passage.
True
How many cartilages surround the larynx? What level do they extend to and from?
Consists of nine cartilages that extends from C3-C6
What is the largest cartilage in the throat?
Thyroid cartilage is the largest
Is this describing the larynx or the trachea?
Consists of right and left lamina that unite anteriorly
Larynx
What does the anterior union of the lamina of the larynx form?
A vertical projection called the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
What structure is located just above the laryngeal prominence?
An area where the lamina do not meet called the superior thyroid notch.
Where is the attachment of the epiglottis on the larynx?
On the posterior aspect of the larynx
How is the epiglottis is connected to the thyroid cartilage? How is it connected to the hyoid bone?
Connected by the hyroepiglottic ligament and to the hyoid bone by the hyoepiglottic ligament
When you are not swallowing, where does the epiglottis sit?
Sits in the oropharynx
Where does the Thyroid cartilage extend (vertebral level)
(C3-C6)
How does the thyroid cartilage appear on an axial image?
-On axial image has an inverted V shape
Where does the thyroid cartilage wrap around the pharynx?
-Wraps around the front of the pharynx
Where is the Cricoid cartilage located?
Located at the level of C6.
What is the Cricoid cartilage composed of?
Comprised of a posterior plate, called the lamina, and a narrow, anterior part, the arch.
T/F
The inferior border of the cricoid cartilage Marks the end of the pharynx and larynx and hence, the commencement of the esophagus and trachea, respectively
True
T/F
Thyroid cartilage is lower and cricoid is higher, which is why we don’t see them on the same slice
False; Thyroid cartilage is higher and cricoid is lower, which is why we don’t see them on the same slice
Where is the Thyroid gland located?
Located at the level of the cricoid cartilage
Is the Thyroid gland Bilobed or single lobed?
Bilobed
Where does the Thyroid gland lobes join?
Joined anteriorly
How does the Thyroid gland appear in an axial plane?
In the axial plane, the thyroid gland appears as a wedge-shaped structure, hugging the trachea
T/F
The thyroid gland is located below the thyroid cartilage
True
How could you identify the trachea compared to the larynx in an axial image?
Dont need to memorize, just understand
The trachea is much more circular and rounded looking than the larynx (trachea held open by the tracheal cartilage). It is trying to ensure that air is easily passing in both directions. Larynx does not have cartilage structure around it keeping it open.
What do they main vessels of the neck include?
Carotid arteries
Vertebral arteries
Jugular veins
What structure lies medial to the CCA?
The trachea
Where does the Right CCA arise from?
The brachiocephalic trunk
Where does the Left CCA arise from?
Directly from the aortic arch
Where do the CCAs lie in relation to the internal jugular veins?
Lies medial to the internal jugular veins
Where does the right CCA come off of?
Right one comes off the BCT
What do the Carotid arteries bifurcate into? At what level?
They bifurcate into internal and external CCAs at approximately C4 (lower border of C3)
What is the dilation at the base of the internal carotid artery called?
The carotid sinus.
What do the carotid sinuses contain?
Baroreceptors that react to changes in arterial blood pressure.
T/F
The external carotid arteries are on the inside and the internal carotid arteries are on the outside only at the beginning of the bifurcation. As they move towards the face and the head, they live up to their name
True
What is the carotid sheath?
An anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck.
T/F
When we are looking at the internal jug and CC, it is surrounded by the carotid sheath
True
What are the four major structures contained in the carotid sheath?
- Common carotid artery
- Parts of the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.
- nternal jugular vein
- Vagus nerve.
At its lower level, where is the external carotid artery located in relation to the internal carotid artery?
Anterior and slightly medial to the ICA
At its higher level, where is the external carotid artery located in relation to the internal carotid artery?
Moves lateral to the ICA at its higher level.
T/F
Internal carotid artery is more posterior to the external carotid artery at the lower level
True
What comes off the aortic arch?
The BCT and LCCA and LSA
At the bifurcation of the common carotid, where is the external carotid artery located? Anterior or posterior?
Located anterior
T/F
The ICA enters the skull, ECA feeds blood to the outside of the skull
True
What two structures are located laterally to the internal carotid artery within the carotid sheath?
-internal jugular vein
-Vagus nerve (X cranial nerve).
What do the vertebral arteries begin as?
Begin as a branch of the subclavian arteries
Where do the vertebral arteries ascend through?
Ascend the neck through the transverse foramina of C6-C1.
What do the vertebral arteries enter before just prior to their union?
The arteries enter the foramen magnum
What do the vertebral arteries join to form?
Join to form the basilar artery.
What are the 3 veins of the neck that return blood from the head and face?
External jugular veins
Internal jugular veins
Vertebral veins
Where does the External jugular vein lie on the neck?
Lies superficially in the neck, on the lateral surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM).
At what level does the External jugular vein originate?
Originates at the level of the angle of the mandible.
T/F
The internal jugular vein runs perpendicularly down the neck, in the direction of a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
False; The External jugular vein runs perpendicularly down the neck, in the direction of a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What does the External jugular vein drain blood from? Where does it drain into?
Drains blood from the scalp and face into the subclavian vein.
T/F
The Internal jugular Runs down the side of the neck in the carotid sheath
True
Where is the Internal jugular vein located in relation to the internal carotid artery and the common carotid artery?
Posterior to the internal carotid artery (above C4), and then lateral to the common carotid (below C3).
What does the internal jugular unite with? At what location?
Unites with the subclavian vein at the root of the neck.
What does the internal jugular drain blood from?
Drains blood from the brain, superficial face and neck
T/F
The sternoclenomastoid lies between the internal and external jugular veins
True
What are the origins of the sternocleidomastoid
1.Anterior surface of the manubrium.
2.The upper surface of the clavicular head
What is the insertion of the SCM?
The 2 heads merge to insert onto the lateral surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone
The SCM divides the neck into what?
Anterior and posterior triangles.
What is located on the superficial surface of the SCM?
On its superficial surface lies the external jugular vein.
What structures are located medially to the SCM?
- The great vessels of the neck
- the vagus nerve, within the carotid sheath
- the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes.
T/F
As you go more inferiorly the internal jugular vein will move more anterior
True
T/F
Just lateral to the trachea you will find the common carotid arteries
True
Where do the vertebral veins arise from?
Arises from the venous plexuses around the foramen magnum and in the sub-occipital region.
Where do the vertebral veins travel in relation to the vertebral artery?
Travels inferiorly and lateral to the vertebral artery
What structure do the vertebral veins pass through?
Pass through the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae
What do the vertebral veins empty into?
Empties into the brachiocephalic vein.
What is the fan-shaped tongue muscle that forms most of the tongue?
The Genioglossus Muscle
Where does the Genioglossus Muscle arise from? Where does it insert?
Arises from the mental spine of the mandible and its insertions are the hyoid bone and the bottom of the tongue.
What is the most superficial muscle found in the anterior portion of the neck?
Platysma
What muscle overlaps the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Platysma
What does the Platysma arise from? What does it cover?
Arises from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid.
T/F
The fibers of the Platysma cross the clavicle
True
Where does the platysma insert?
Inserts into the mandible.
T/F
The Trapezius is a deep muscle
False; Superficial muscle
In what triangle of the neck is the Trapezius located in?
The posterior triangle.
Where does the Trapezius originate from?
Originates from the occipital bone & spinous process of C7-T12
Where does the Trapezius insert?
On the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula.
T/F
When we see the upper cervical vertebra we will see the nasopharynx
True
