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1005 Anatomy & Physiology > upper extremity > Flashcards

upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 most anterior carpal bones

A

hamate and pisisform (ulnar)
trapezium and scaphoid (radial)

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2
Q

what forms the bottom portion of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

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3
Q

what is the carpal tunnel

A

the passageway created between the carpal sulcus and flexor retinaculum

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4
Q

what passes through the carpal tunnel

A

median nerve and flexor tendons

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5
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

a lot of repetitive movement causing the flexor tendons get irritated, pinching the median nerve

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6
Q

what fracture could a carpal tunnel view be used to see

A

injury to the hook of the hamate

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7
Q

why is the radiocarpal joint not generally open

A

volar tilt of 11 deg

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8
Q

what is used to show an open radiocarpal joint

A

tube tilt of 11 deg cephalad

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9
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

an injury to the radial head causing it to pop posteriorly
associated with FOOSH

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10
Q

what is needed to help a colles fracture

A

the bone needs to be grabbed and popped back into place

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11
Q

what ligament joints the scaphoid and lunate

A

the scapholunate

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12
Q

how is a scapholunate injury shown

A

get the patient to squeeze a syringe as hard as they can and take an PA, where the scaphoid and lunate will show up very separated

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13
Q

what incident is a scapholunate injury associated with

A

FOOSH

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14
Q

why would an anterior view of the wrist show the triquetrum and psisiform “mixed up”

A

because the pisisform is so anterior

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15
Q

which forearm bone is lateral

A

radius

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16
Q

which forearm bone is medial

A

ulna

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17
Q

what is the most distal art of the forearm

A

the styloid process of the radius

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18
Q

what is the most proximal part of the forearm

A

the olecranon process

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19
Q

do you have to pass the crease of the elbow in a forearm view

A

yes, to include the olecranon process

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20
Q

which end of the radius in narrow

A

the proximal end

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21
Q

what joint does the radial head articulate with

A

distal radioulnar joint

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22
Q

where is the radial tuberosity

A

distal to the neck on the anteromedial side

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23
Q

what is the radial tuberosity for

A

attachment for the biceps muscle

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24
Q

what 2 things are at the distal end of the radius

A

the radial styloid process and the ulnar notch

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25
Q

how are notches named

A

they are named after the bone they articulate with

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26
Q

what two bones make up the notch at the proximal end of the ulna

A

olecranon process and coronoid process

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27
Q

what 2 notches are on the proximal end of the ulna

A

trochlear notch (olecranon and coronoid processes)
radial notch

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28
Q

what is the ulnar tuberosity for

A

it is the insertion of the brachialias (elbow flexor)

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29
Q

which end is the head of the ulna at

A

the distal end

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30
Q

what is on the posterior side of the head of the ulna

A

ulnar styloid process

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31
Q

what is the proximal radioulnar joint (IMP)

A

the radial head articulates with the radial notch of the proximal ulna

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32
Q

what is the interosseous membrane

A

a fibrous joint
amphiarthrosis

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33
Q

what is the DRUJ

A

distal radioulnar joint

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34
Q

what is the distal radioulnar joint

A

ulnar head articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius

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35
Q

why do we care so much about the P/D radioulnar joints

A

they allow pronation and supination

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36
Q

what can you use to show a DRUJ

A

squeezing a syringe and it HURTS

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37
Q

which neck is immediately adjacent to the head of the humerus

A

anatomical neck

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38
Q

what tuberosities are on the proximal end of the humerus

A

greater and lesser tuberosities

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39
Q

which groove is in the proximal humerus

A

the bicipital groove

40
Q

what is another word for the bicipital groove

A

the intertubercular groove

41
Q

which neck is more distal

A

the surgical neck

42
Q

what is at the very distal end of the humerus

A

the trochlea and capitulum

43
Q

what fossae are at the distal end of the humerus

A

the coronoid fossa, the olecranon fossa the radial fossa

44
Q

which humeral neck is thicker

A

the anatomical neck

45
Q

which humeral neck is more likely to fracture

A

the surgical neck (because it is so much thinner)

46
Q

what epicondyles are a part of the humerus

A

the medial and lateral epicondyles

47
Q

why is the intertubercular groove also called the bicipital groove

A

because the biceps tendon runs right through it

48
Q

what is shown very well in anatomical position of the humerus (AP with external rotation)

A

the greater tuberosity in profile on the lateral side

49
Q

what is shown very well in an AP with internal rotation of the humerus

A

the lesser tuberosity is in profile on the medial side

50
Q

how does the humeral head appear in an AP neutral view and why

A

very very round
because neither the greater or lesser tuberosities are in profile

51
Q

which lower humerus epicondyle just out way more than the other

A

the medial epicondyle

52
Q

which depression on the anterior humerus is medial

A

the trochlea

53
Q

which depression on the anterior humerus is lateral

A

the capitulum

54
Q

what fossae are on the anterior side of the distal humerus

A

the radial and coronoid fossa

55
Q

when does the radial head articulate with the radial fossa

A

only during a cute flexion

56
Q

what big opening is on the posterior side of the distal humerus

A

olecranon fossa

57
Q

what groove is between the medial epicondyle and trochlea and what does it contain

A

the ulnar groove, containing the ulnar nerve

58
Q

what are the condyles of the humerus

A

the trochlea and capitulum

59
Q

what type of joint is the elbow

A

a hinge joint

60
Q

what 3 fat pads are in the elbow joint

A

posterior, anterior and supinator fat pads3

61
Q

which fat pads is tear drop shaped, and is normally seen in an image

A

the anterior fat pad

62
Q

what are the fat pad indicators of a fracture

A

seeing posterior fat pad at all
displacement of the anterior fat pad

63
Q

what is the sail sign in an elbow x-ray

A

when the anterior fat pad gets pushed away out and appears in a triangle like the sail of a boat

64
Q

what does the shoulder girdle include

A

the clavicle and the scapula

65
Q

what is the function of the shoulder girdle

A

to connect the upper extremity to the trunk

66
Q

why is the clavicle s-shaped

A

for strength

67
Q

what is the SC joint and what is involved

A

the sternoclavicular joint
sternal end articulates with the manubrium

68
Q

what part of the clavicle SPECIFICALLY articulates with the manubrium

A

ONLY the inferior HALF

69
Q

what is the AC joint and what forms it

A

acromial end of clavicle articulates with the acromion of scapula

70
Q

where is the conoid tubercle

A

inferior and posterior on the lateral side of the clavicle

71
Q

which ribs are the scapulae between

A

ribs 2-7

72
Q

what angle does the scapula sit on

A

roughly 45-60 deg

73
Q

what are the 3 borders of the scapula

A

superior, medial, lateral

74
Q

what are the 3 angle of the scapula

A

superior, inferior, lateral

75
Q

which is the thickest part of the scapula

A

the lateral angle

76
Q

what parts are on the anterior surface of the scapula

A

the subscapular fossa and the coronoid process

77
Q

where is the subscapular fossa

A

anterior surface of the scapula

78
Q

what parts are on the posterior scapula

A

the scapular spine, the supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa

79
Q

the spine of the scapula ends in what

A

the acromion

80
Q

what is the only way to tell if a y-scap is AP or PA?

A

arm direction
AP - in front of body
PA - out from body

81
Q

what are the wrist bones?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

82
Q

which wrist bones are a part of the proximal row?

A

scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrium, pisiform

83
Q

which wrist bone in the proximal row is the most lateral?

A

scaphoid

84
Q

which wrist bone in the proximal row is the most medial?

A

pisiform

85
Q

which wrist bone in the distal row is the most lateral?

A

hamate

86
Q

which wrist bone in the distal row is the most lateral?

A

trapezium

87
Q

what is directly below the anatomical snuff box?

A

the scaphoid

88
Q

what kind of blood flow supplies the proximal scaphoid

A

retrograde bloodflow

89
Q

what kind of joint is the interphalangeal

A

hinge

90
Q

what kind of joint is the metacarpophalangeal

A

condyloid

91
Q

what kind of joint is the 1st digit carpometacarpal joint

A

saddle

92
Q

what kind of joint is the 2-5 carpometacarpal joints

A

gliding

93
Q

what kind of joint is the intercarpal

A

gliding

94
Q

what kind of joint is the radiocarpal

A

condyloid

95
Q

what are good indicators of an elbow fracture

A

seeing the posterior fat pad or displacement of the anterior fat pad

1005 Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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