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1005 Anatomy & Physiology > articulations > Flashcards

articulations Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of tissue forms articulations (joints or arthroses)

A

flexible connective tissue

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2
Q

what are the two types of joint classifications

A

functionality and strucurally

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3
Q

what are functional classifications based on?

A

based on the type of movement they permit

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4
Q

what are structural classifications based on

A

based on the anatomical characteristics

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5
Q

what are the 3 functional classifications

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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6
Q

what does synarthrosis mean

A

immovable

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7
Q

what does amphiarthrosis mean

A

slightly moveable

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8
Q

what does diarthrosis mean

A

freely moveable

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9
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications

A

fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints
synovial joints

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10
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of fibrous joints

A

no synovial cavity
bones held together by dense conn tiss
strongest joints in the body

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11
Q

what are the strongest joints in the body

A

fibrous joints

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12
Q

what are the 2 characteristics of cartilagenous joints

A

no synovial cavity
bones held together by cartilage

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13
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of synovial joints

A

have a synovial cavity
bones held together by dense conntiss
often have accessory ligaments

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of fibrous joints?

A

syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis
interosseous membrane

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15
Q

what is a syndesmosis and where is it found

A

fibrous
slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)
distal tib/fib

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16
Q

what and where is a suture

A

immovable in adults (synarthrosis)
only in the skull

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17
Q

what and where is a gomphosis

A

synarthrosis (in healthy gums)
periodontal ligaments hold the roots of the teeth

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18
Q

what and where is an interosseous membrane

A

sheet of dence connective tissue
found between tib/fib and radius/ulna

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19
Q

what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

symphysis
synchondrosis

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20
Q

what is a symphysis

A

joints have fibrocartilaginous disc
for strength and shock absorbency
slightly moveable

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21
Q

where are symphysis? (3)

A

pubic symohysis
intervertebral joints
joint between manubrium and body of the sternum

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22
Q

what is a synchondrosis

A

immovable cartilaginous jointw

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23
Q

where are synchondroses found

A

temporarily in epiphyseal plates
articulations between the first rib and sternum

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24
Q

what is an articular capsule

A

surrounds all synovial joints and joints bones together

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25
Q

what is the outer layer of the articular capsule

A

the fibrous capsule, connects the capsule to the periosteum of the bone

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26
Q

what is the inner layer of the articular capsule

A

the synovial membrane
which produces synovial fluid

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27
Q

what is synovial fluid

A

viscous, clear fluid (like egg whites)
contains hyaluronic acid and fluid filtered from plasma

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28
Q

what are the functions (5) of synovial fluid

A
  • lubricate joints and reduces friction
  • absorbs shock
  • supplies O2 and nutrients to chrondocytes
  • removes waste and CO2 from chrondocytes
  • removes debris from joint
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29
Q

what are the 4 types of ligaments

A

extrascapular ligaments
intrascapular ligaments
mesisci
labrum

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30
Q

what are the extra scapular ligaments

A

MCL and LCL

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31
Q

what is the LCL

A

extra scapular ligaments from the medial epicondyle of femur to the fibular head

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32
Q

what is the MCL

A

extra scapular ligaments from the medial epicondyle of femur to the proximal condyle of the tibia

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33
Q

what are intrascapular ligaments

A

within the capsule but excluded from the synovial cavity (covered by fold of synovial membrane)

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34
Q

what are 2 intrascapular ligaments

A

ACL and PCL

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35
Q

where is the ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament
connects the femur to the tibia

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36
Q

what is the PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament
connects posterior tibial to lateral part of medial femoral condyle

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37
Q

where is the menisci

A

in the knoee

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38
Q

where are the labrum?

A

in shoulder and hip joints

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39
Q

what are bursae

A

strategically placed fluid filled sacs to cushion movement between x and bone, and reduce friction in joints

40
Q

what are the 6 types of synovial joints

A

gliding (plane)
hinge
pivot
condyloid (ellipsoid)
saddle
ball and socket

41
Q

what are gliding (plane) joints

A

articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved

42
Q

what are the gliding joints in the body (6)

A

intercarpal bones
intertarsal bones
SC and AC joints
sternocostal joints (2-7)
costovertebral joints

43
Q

what are hinge joints

A

when the convex surface of onebone fits into the concave part of another

44
Q

what types of movement to hinge joints permit

A

flexion and extension only

45
Q

what are the hinge joints in the body? (4)

A

knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints

46
Q

what are pivot joints

A

rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed by a bone and ligament

47
Q

what type of movement do pivot joints alow

A

allow rotation only

48
Q

what are the pivot joints in the body

A

atlanto-axial joint
radioulnar joints

49
Q

what are condyloid joints

A

convex projection of one bone fits into an oval depression in the other

50
Q

what time of movement do condyloid joints allow

A

biaxial
flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

51
Q

what are the condyloid joints of the body (2)

A

radiocarpal joints,
MCP’s (2-5)

52
Q

what is a saddle joint

A

one bone is saddle shaped and the other sits in it

53
Q

what type of movement do saddle joints allow

A

flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

54
Q

what is a saddle joint in the body

A

1st CMC joint

55
Q

what is a ball and socket joint?

A

head of one bone fits into a cup-like depression in the other

56
Q

what are the 3 ball and socket joints

A

shoulder, hip, talonavicular joints

57
Q

along what plane is most of the movement from flexion and extension

A

sagittal planefle

58
Q

flexion (inc or dec) the angle between articulating bones

A

increases

59
Q

abduction is _____ to the midline

A

AWAY from

60
Q

adduction is _____ to the midline

A

TOWARDS

61
Q

which plane is abduction/adduction generally along

A

the coronal plane

62
Q

what is circumduction

A

movement of the distal bone in a circle

63
Q

what is rotation

A

bone revolves around its own axis

64
Q

name the opposite - elevation

A

depression

65
Q

name the opposite -protraction

A

retraction

66
Q

name the opposite - inversion

A

eversion

67
Q

name the opposite - dorsiflexion

A

plantar flexion

68
Q

name the opposite - supination

A

pronation

69
Q

what is the shoulder joint? what type is it?

A

glenohumeral joint, ball and socket

70
Q

which joint has the greatest degree of movement

A

the glenohumeral joint

71
Q

what number of ligaments, labrum, and bursae stabilize the shoulder?

A

3 ligaments
1 labrum
4 bursae

72
Q

what ligaments stabilize the shoulder

A

coracohumeral
glenohumeral
transverse humeral

73
Q

what provides the most stability to the shoulder

A

the rotator cuff muscles

74
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

75
Q

what ligaments make up the AC joint

A

acromioclavicular
coracoacromial
coracoclavicular

76
Q

what are the two major articulations that make up the hinge joint of the elbow

A

head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of humerus
trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus

77
Q

what articulation makes up the pivot joint in the elbow

A

radial head articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

78
Q

what are the ligaments in the elbow joint

A

ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament
annular ligament

79
Q

where does the ulnar collateral ligament go?

A

medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon

80
Q

where does the radial collateral ligament go

A

lateral epicondyles to annular ligament and radial notch of ulna

81
Q

what is the annular ligament

A

strong band that encircles the radial head
holds the radial head to the radial notch

82
Q

what makes the hip joint so stable (5)

A

very strong articular capsule
accessory ligaments
surrounding uscles
deep socket (acetabulum)
labrum

83
Q

what are the accessory ligaments of the knee (5)

A

ileofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
ligamentum teres
transverse ligament of acetabelum

84
Q

what makes up the knee joint

A

3 joints and 1 synovial cavity
lateral tibiofemoral
medial tibiofemoral
patellofemoral

85
Q

what are the ligaments of the knee joint

A

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

86
Q

what does the ACL do

A

prevents the femur from sliding posterior to tibia
limits hyperextension of the knee

87
Q

what does the PCL do

A

prevents the tibia from sliding posteriorly to the femur when knee is flexed

88
Q

what do the meniscie do?

A

help compensate for the irregular shaped of the femur and tibia

89
Q

what are the 2 menisci, and what shape are they

A

medial - C shaped
lateral - nearly circular

90
Q

what kind of joint is the ankle

A

a hinge joint, that allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

91
Q

what are the medial ligaments of the ankle joint

A

deltoid

92
Q

what are the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneal fibular
posterior talofibular

93
Q

what are the 4 parts of the deltoid (medial) ligament

A

posterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular
anterior tibiotalar

94
Q

what type of joints are vertebral discs?

A

cartalaginous joints (symphysis)

95
Q

what are vertebral discs desgined for

A

weight-bearing

96
Q

what are the 2 parts of vertebral discs

A

annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus

1005 Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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