articulations Flashcards
what kind of tissue forms articulations (joints or arthroses)
flexible connective tissue
what are the two types of joint classifications
functionality and strucurally
what are functional classifications based on?
based on the type of movement they permit
what are structural classifications based on
based on the anatomical characteristics
what are the 3 functional classifications
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
what does synarthrosis mean
immovable
what does amphiarthrosis mean
slightly moveable
what does diarthrosis mean
freely moveable
what are the 3 structural classifications
fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints
synovial joints
what are the 3 characteristics of fibrous joints
no synovial cavity
bones held together by dense conn tiss
strongest joints in the body
what are the strongest joints in the body
fibrous joints
what are the 2 characteristics of cartilagenous joints
no synovial cavity
bones held together by cartilage
what are the 3 characteristics of synovial joints
have a synovial cavity
bones held together by dense conntiss
often have accessory ligaments
what are the 4 types of fibrous joints?
syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis
interosseous membrane
what is a syndesmosis and where is it found
fibrous
slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)
distal tib/fib
what and where is a suture
immovable in adults (synarthrosis)
only in the skull
what and where is a gomphosis
synarthrosis (in healthy gums)
periodontal ligaments hold the roots of the teeth
what and where is an interosseous membrane
sheet of dence connective tissue
found between tib/fib and radius/ulna
what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints
symphysis
synchondrosis
what is a symphysis
joints have fibrocartilaginous disc
for strength and shock absorbency
slightly moveable
where are symphysis? (3)
pubic symohysis
intervertebral joints
joint between manubrium and body of the sternum
what is a synchondrosis
immovable cartilaginous jointw
where are synchondroses found
temporarily in epiphyseal plates
articulations between the first rib and sternum
what is an articular capsule
surrounds all synovial joints and joints bones together
what is the outer layer of the articular capsule
the fibrous capsule, connects the capsule to the periosteum of the bone
what is the inner layer of the articular capsule
the synovial membrane
which produces synovial fluid
what is synovial fluid
viscous, clear fluid (like egg whites)
contains hyaluronic acid and fluid filtered from plasma
what are the functions (5) of synovial fluid
- lubricate joints and reduces friction
- absorbs shock
- supplies O2 and nutrients to chrondocytes
- removes waste and CO2 from chrondocytes
- removes debris from joint
what are the 4 types of ligaments
extrascapular ligaments
intrascapular ligaments
mesisci
labrum
what are the extra scapular ligaments
MCL and LCL
what is the LCL
extra scapular ligaments from the medial epicondyle of femur to the fibular head
what is the MCL
extra scapular ligaments from the medial epicondyle of femur to the proximal condyle of the tibia
what are intrascapular ligaments
within the capsule but excluded from the synovial cavity (covered by fold of synovial membrane)
what are 2 intrascapular ligaments
ACL and PCL
where is the ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
connects the femur to the tibia
what is the PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
connects posterior tibial to lateral part of medial femoral condyle
where is the menisci
in the knoee
where are the labrum?
in shoulder and hip joints