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1005 Anatomy & Physiology > cranium > Flashcards

cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 components of the axial skeleton

A

skull bones
auditory ossicles
hyoid bone
ribs
sternum
bones of vertebral column

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2
Q

how many cranial bones do we have

A

8

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3
Q

how many facial bones do we have

A

14

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4
Q

what is the purpose of the cranial bones

A

to enclose and protects the brain

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5
Q

what makes up the calvaria

A

1 frontal
1 occipital
2 parietal
2 outer plates of compact bone

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6
Q

what does calvaria mean

A

skull cap

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7
Q

what makes up the floor or base

A

1 ethmoid
1 sthenoid
1 occipital
1 frontal
2 temporal

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8
Q

what are the 2 division of the cranium

A

calvaria (skull cap) and the floor or base

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9
Q

what types of bones make up the calvaria

A

flat bones

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10
Q

what is contained by the bones of the calvaria

A

inner layer of spongy bone and red marrow, called diploe

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11
Q

what is diploe

A

the inner layer of spongy bone in the calvaria flat bones

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12
Q

what do we call the very top of the skull

A

the vertex

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13
Q

what are the internal regions of the skull (3)

A

anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior fossa

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14
Q

what bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

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15
Q

what bones make up the middle cranial fossa

A

temporal
sphenoid

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16
Q

what bones make up the posterior cranial fossa

A

occipital

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17
Q

what sits in the A cranial fossa

A

the frontal lobe of cerebrum

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18
Q

what sits in the M cranial fossa

A

the temporal lobe of the cerebrum

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19
Q

what sits in the P cranial fossa

A

the cerebellum

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20
Q

what is the purpose of the cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

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21
Q

what is the vertical part of the frontal bone

A

frontal squama

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22
Q

what does the frontal squama contain

A

the frontal sinuses

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23
Q

what is the horizontal part of the frontal bone

A

the orbital plates

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24
Q

what are the orbital plates

A

form a big portion of the anterior cranial fossa

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25
Q

what do the orbital plates tell us

A

if there’s any TILT on a lateral skull projection

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26
Q

what are the 5 important landmarks of the frontal bone

A

frontal eminences
supraorbital margins
superciliary ridges
supraorbital foramina
glabella

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27
Q

what can you (visually) align to ensure no tilt

A

IPL inter pupillary line

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27
Q

what are the supraorbital margins

A

the part above the eyes ‘upper ridge of orbit’

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28
Q

what are the superciliary arches

A

ridges where your eyebrows are

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28
Q

what is the glabella

A

superior to where the eyebrows come together (bullet point)
(right above nasion)

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29
Q

what is the nasion

A

right where your nose ends at your forehead (inferior to glabella)

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30
Q

what are the 5 frontal articulations

A

parietals (L/R)
sphenoid
ethmoid
nasal bones
zygoma

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31
Q

what is the widest part of the skull

A

the distance between the parietal eminences

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32
Q

what does the parietal bone articulate with (5)

A

frontal
temporal
occipital
sphenoid
opposite parietal bone

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33
Q

where is the occipital bone

A

posteroinferior part of the skull

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34
Q

what forms most of the floor of the posterior cranial fossa

A

the occipital bone

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35
Q

what specific parts of the skull combine with C1 to form the atlantaloccipital joint

A

occipital condyles (NOT just occipital bone)

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36
Q

what is the foramen magnum

A

underneath is the spinal cord,
above is the brain stem

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37
Q

what happens when there is too much swelling in the brain

A

the brain stem herniates down through the foramen magnum

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38
Q

what are the nuchal lines

A

muscle attachment sites

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38
Q

what is the external occipital protuberance

A

the inion

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39
Q

what nerve passes through the foramen magnum

A

the 12th cranial nerve

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39
Q

what drains venous blood from the brain?

A

internal jugular vein

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40
Q

what parts of the skull do the temporal bones form

A

inferolateral portions of the skull

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41
Q

what are the main 4 parts of the temporal bones

A

squamous portion
tympanic portion
petrous ridges or pyramids
mastoid process

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42
Q

what is the opening of your ear called

A

external auditory meatus (EAM)

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43
Q

what is the line (for attachment) on the temporal bone

A

"”zygomatic process of the temporal bone””

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43
Q

EAM

A

external auditory meatus

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44
Q

what forms the TM joint

A

the condyle of mandible and the mandibular fossa (underside of zygomatic process of temporal)

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44
Q

what makes up the zygomatic arch

A

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

44
Q

what is on the underside of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

mandibular fossa

45
Q

where is the tympanic portion situated on the temporal bone

A

inferior to the squamous
anterior to mastoid and petrous bones

46
Q

where is the styloid process of the temporal bone

A

on the very inferior part

46
Q

what vertebral level is associated with the tip of the mastoid process

A

C1

47
Q

what do mastoid air cells do

A

communicate with space in the middle ear (**vary incredibly between people)

47
Q

what do the petrous ridges contain

A

interior auditory canal
cochlea

47
Q

where do the petrous ridges project

A

anteriorly and medially

48
Q

what is the thockest, densest bone in the skull

A

the petrous ridges of the temporal bones

49
Q

what is a landmark for the petrous ridges are

A

TEA top of ear attachment

50
Q

which is the “average” skull tyoe

A

mesocephalic
47 degrees

50
Q

what are the 3 skull types

A

mesocephalic
brachycephalic
dolichocephalic

51
Q

brachycephalic skull type angle

A

54 degrees

52
Q

what is the angle being measured for the different skull types

A

from the cranial midline to the petrous ridges

52
Q

dolichocephalic skull type angle

A

40 degrees

53
Q

what is the image where the petrous ridges are in the lower third of the orbits

A

caldwell

53
Q

what is the image where the petrous ridges are by the top of the orbits

A

ruggle

53
Q

what are the important foramina of the temporal bone (5)

A

carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
EAM
internal auditory canal

54
Q

when do you repeat a (AP) skull image

A

when the petrous ridges aren’t in the right spot

54
Q

what is A

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

55
Q

what travels through the carotid canal

A

the INTERNAL carotid artery

55
Q

what is E

A

jugular foramen

56
Q

what is C

A

carotid canal

56
Q

what is B

A

foramen lacerum

56
Q

what is D

A

EAM (external auditory meatus)

57
Q

what is the keystone bone of the cranial floor ? why?

A

sphenoid
because it articulate with all the other bones

57
Q

what is F

A

foramen magnum

58
Q

what does the sphenoid consist of

A

1 body
2 lesser wings
2 greater wings
2 perygoid processes

58
Q

what does the body contain (2)

A

2 sphenoid sinuses
sella turcica

58
Q

how do you landmark the sella turcica on a lateral skull projection

A

1.9cm anterior and 1.9cm superior to the EAM

59
Q

what is the sella turcica

A

encases the pituitary gland

60
Q

what is the name for the posterior border of the sella turcica

A

dorsum sellae

60
Q

what is the name of the anterior border of the sella turcica

A

tuberculum sellae

61
Q

what are the 2 main parts of the dorsum sellae

A

posterior clinoid processes (top borders)
clivus

61
Q

are the anterior clinoid processes part of the sella turcica

A

NO!!
they are part of the lesser wings

62
Q

what sits against the clivus

A

the pons

63
Q

describe the shape of the lesser wings

A

triangular and horizontal

63
Q

compare the lesser to greater wings

A

smaller and more superior than the greater wings

63
Q

what do the lesser wings form

A

posteromedial portion of the orbits

64
Q

what foramen is part of the lesser wings

A

optic foramen (is a canal)

65
Q

what do the greater wings of the sphenoid form

A

posterolateral walls of the orbits

66
Q

what are the 3 foramen of the greater wings

A

foramen ovale
foramen rotundum
foramen spinosum

66
Q

what is B

A

foramen spinosum

67
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissures

A

cranial nerves 3, 4, 6

68
Q

what is A

A

foramen ovale

69
Q

what is the yellow

A

superior orbital fssure

69
Q

what is the blue

A

greater wing of the sphenoid

69
Q

what is the red

A

the lesser wings of the sphenoid

70
Q

what is this
what forms it

A

the innominate line
or lateral part of the greater wing
(edge of the greater wing of the sphenoid)

70
Q

what do the pterygoid processes form

A

the posterolateral region of the nasal cavity

71
Q

what 4 things make up the ethmoid

A

cribriform plate
Crista galli
perpendicular plate
lateral masses

71
Q

what is in red (lateral)

A

lesser wing (from side)

71
Q

what is in green (lateral)

A

sella turcica

72
Q

what is the ethmoid mainly associated with

A

the nasal cavity

73
Q

what does the cribriform plate contain

A

the olfactory foramina

74
Q

what is the Crista galli for

A

attachment for the falx cerebri

74
Q

what is the falx cerebri

A

membrane that separates the two hemispheres of the brain (part of the dura mater)

74
Q

what does the perpendicular plates form

A

the SUPERIOR part of the bony nasal septum

74
Q

does the ethmoid have a body

A

no, just lateral masses

74
Q

do the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone form the inferior nasal conchae?

A

no, it is its own facial bone

74
Q

what do the lateral masses of the ethmoid contain

A

ethmoid sinuses

75
Q

what do the lateral masses of the ethmoid form

A

form the superior and middle nasal conchae

76
Q

what are the 4 skull sutures

A

coronal suture
sagittal suture
lambodial suture
squamosal suture

77
Q

what type of joints are skull sutures (in an adult)

A

fibrous, synarthrodial

77
Q

where is the sagittal suture

A

superior midline between the parietal bones

77
Q

what are the 4 important landmarks for the sutures

A

bregma
lambda
pterions
asterions

77
Q

where is the squamosal suture

A

lateral part of the skull between the parietal and the temporal bones

77
Q

what is the bregma

A

the anterior end of the sagittal suture

77
Q

where is the coronal suture

A

between the frontal and parietal bones

77
Q

where is the lambdoidal suture

A

posterior between the parietal and temporal bones

78
Q

what is the lambda

A

posterior end of the sagittal suture

79
Q

what are the pterions

A

(R/L) junction of the parietal, temporal, and greater wing of sphenoid

80
Q

what are the asterions

A
81
Q

what are the pterions a landmark for

A

middle meningeal artery

82
Q

what are the sutures in newborns

A

fontanels
(anterior, posterior, anterolateral, posterolateral)

1005 Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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