cells and tissues Flashcards
what are the 4 points of cell theory?
- basic structural unit of plants and animals
- smallest unit of life
- produced only by division of preexisting cells
- each maintains homeostasis
covering, lining, storage movement, connection, defense, communication, reproduction are all examples of what?
cell functions
what are the 3 parts of a cell?
- plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
what are the 3 main functions of the cell membrane?
barrier
gate keepers location
communcation
what are the 2 gatekeepers in the cell membrane?
ion channels
carriers
with what is the majority of the cell membranes communication?
the immune system
what kind of membrane is the plasma membrane?
a lipid bilayer
what is highly permeable in a lipid bilayer?
O2, CO2, steroids
what is moderately permeable in a lipid bilayer?
water and urea
what is impermeable in a lipid bilayer?
glucose
how can macromolecules pass through the plasma membrane?
vesicular transport
what are the two methods of vesicular transport?
endocytosis and exocytosis
what 2 gradient types occur across the plasma membrane?
concentration and electrical
what are the 3 passice processes?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
what is unique about passive processes?
moves DOWN concentration gradient
requires no energy input from cell
what uses facilitated diffusion?
ion channels
what are the 2 active processes?
active transport and vesicular transport
for sodium-potassium pump, which one goes in/out
sodium out, potassium in
what is unique about active processes?
they do require cellular energy to move AGAINST the gradient
what are the 4 types of tissue?
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
which tissue covers body surfaces, organs and ducts?
epithelial
which tissue forms glands
epithelial
which tissue is avascular
epithelial
what does avascular mean
no blood
which tissue connects and supports the body
connective
which tissue is immediately adjacent to the epithelial tissue
connective
which tissue shares its blood supply
connective (with epithelial)
which tissue has cells specialized for contractions
muscular
which tissue generates heat
muscular
which tissue detects stimulus and sends signals for movement
nervous
which tissue is the most abundant
connective
which tissue protects and insulates internal organs
connective
which tissue stores fat
connevtive
which tissue is the main source of immune responses
connective
which tissue serves as the body’s main transport system
connective
what are the 2 classifications of conntiss
embryonic and mature
what are the 5 types of mature conntiss
loose
dense
cartilage
bone
liquid
what are the 3 things made of dense conntiss?
tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
what are the 3 type soft cartilage?
yaline
fivrocartilage
elastic
what are the 2 types of bone tiss
cortical and trabecular
what are 2 types of liquid conntiss
blood and lymph
how are the fibres in tendons oriented?
parallel along the tendon
how are the fibres in ligaments oriented?
criss cross in a rope like pattern
how are the fibres in aponeuroses
forms a sheetlike shape
what do tendons connect
muscle to bone
what do ligaments connect
bone to bone
what do aponeuroses connect
muscle to muscle or muscle to bone
what are 2 tendon ex
Achilles, quadriceps
what is an ex of a ligament
ACL
what is special about cartilage?
it can endure significantly more stress, however it heals very poorly
what is the most abundant cartilage type?
hyaline
what does hyaline cartilage do?
provides smooth surfaces at joints
what is the weakest cartilage type?
hyaline
what is the strongest cartilage type?
fibrocartilage
what is made up of elastic cartilage?
epiglottis, ear, eustachian tube
