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1005 Anatomy & Physiology > cells and tissues > Flashcards

cells and tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 points of cell theory?

A
  1. basic structural unit of plants and animals
  2. smallest unit of life
  3. produced only by division of preexisting cells
  4. each maintains homeostasis
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2
Q

covering, lining, storage movement, connection, defense, communication, reproduction are all examples of what?

A

cell functions

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3
Q

what are the 3 parts of a cell?

A
  1. plasma membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. nucleus
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4
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the cell membrane?

A

barrier
gate keepers location
communcation

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5
Q

what are the 2 gatekeepers in the cell membrane?

A

ion channels
carriers

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6
Q

with what is the majority of the cell membranes communication?

A

the immune system

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7
Q

what kind of membrane is the plasma membrane?

A

a lipid bilayer

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8
Q

what is highly permeable in a lipid bilayer?

A

O2, CO2, steroids

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9
Q

what is moderately permeable in a lipid bilayer?

A

water and urea

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10
Q

what is impermeable in a lipid bilayer?

A

glucose

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11
Q

how can macromolecules pass through the plasma membrane?

A

vesicular transport

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12
Q

what are the two methods of vesicular transport?

A

endocytosis and exocytosis

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13
Q

what 2 gradient types occur across the plasma membrane?

A

concentration and electrical

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14
Q

what are the 3 passice processes?

A

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

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15
Q

what is unique about passive processes?

A

moves DOWN concentration gradient
requires no energy input from cell

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16
Q

what uses facilitated diffusion?

A

ion channels

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17
Q

what are the 2 active processes?

A

active transport and vesicular transport

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18
Q

for sodium-potassium pump, which one goes in/out

A

sodium out, potassium in

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19
Q

what is unique about active processes?

A

they do require cellular energy to move AGAINST the gradient

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20
Q

what are the 4 types of tissue?

A

epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous

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21
Q

which tissue covers body surfaces, organs and ducts?

A

epithelial

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22
Q

which tissue forms glands

A

epithelial

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23
Q

which tissue is avascular

A

epithelial

24
Q

what does avascular mean

A

no blood

25
Q

which tissue connects and supports the body

A

connective

26
Q

which tissue is immediately adjacent to the epithelial tissue

A

connective

27
Q

which tissue shares its blood supply

A

connective (with epithelial)

28
Q

which tissue has cells specialized for contractions

A

muscular

29
Q

which tissue generates heat

A

muscular

30
Q

which tissue detects stimulus and sends signals for movement

A

nervous

31
Q

which tissue is the most abundant

A

connective

32
Q

which tissue protects and insulates internal organs

A

connective

33
Q

which tissue stores fat

A

connevtive

34
Q

which tissue is the main source of immune responses

A

connective

35
Q

which tissue serves as the body’s main transport system

A

connective

36
Q

what are the 2 classifications of conntiss

A

embryonic and mature

37
Q

what are the 5 types of mature conntiss

A

loose
dense
cartilage
bone
liquid

38
Q

what are the 3 things made of dense conntiss?

A

tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

39
Q

what are the 3 type soft cartilage?

A

yaline
fivrocartilage
elastic

40
Q

what are the 2 types of bone tiss

A

cortical and trabecular

41
Q

what are 2 types of liquid conntiss

A

blood and lymph

42
Q

how are the fibres in tendons oriented?

A

parallel along the tendon

43
Q

how are the fibres in ligaments oriented?

A

criss cross in a rope like pattern

44
Q

how are the fibres in aponeuroses

A

forms a sheetlike shape

45
Q

what do tendons connect

A

muscle to bone

46
Q

what do ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

47
Q

what do aponeuroses connect

A

muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

48
Q

what are 2 tendon ex

A

Achilles, quadriceps

49
Q

what is an ex of a ligament

A

ACL

50
Q

what is special about cartilage?

A

it can endure significantly more stress, however it heals very poorly

51
Q

what is the most abundant cartilage type?

A

hyaline

52
Q

what does hyaline cartilage do?

A

provides smooth surfaces at joints

53
Q

what is the weakest cartilage type?

A

hyaline

54
Q

what is the strongest cartilage type?

A

fibrocartilage

55
Q

what is made up of elastic cartilage?

A

epiglottis, ear, eustachian tube

1005 Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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