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MRCEM Primary > Upper arm anatomy > Flashcards

Upper arm anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

3

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2
Q

How many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

1

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3
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

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4
Q

Which muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Branches of the brachial artery

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6
Q

What is the function of the biceps?

A

Forearm supination
Elbow and shoulder flexion

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps?

A

MUsculocutaneous nerve.

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8
Q

Which spinal cord segment does the bicep tendon reflex test?

A

C6

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9
Q

What is the function of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion of the shoulder
Weak shoulder adduction

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

The brachial forms the floor of what?

A

Cubital fossa

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12
Q

What is the function of the brachialis?

A

Elbow flexion

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13
Q

What is the innervation fo the brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (contributions from radial nerve)

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14
Q

What is the main innervation for the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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15
Q

What injury can cause the ‘Popeye sign’?

A

Complete rupture of the long head of the biceps.

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16
Q

What is the arterial supply to the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Profunda brachii artery

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17
Q

What is the function of the triceps?

A

Elbow extension.

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps?

A

Radial nerve.

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19
Q

What spinal segment does the triceps reflex test?

A

C7

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20
Q

Where are the infraclavicular node groups found?

A

Between the pectoralis major and deltoid, immediately below the clavicle.

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21
Q

What regions do the infraclavicular lymph nodes drain?

A

Axilla and anterior thoracic wall

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22
Q

Where are the supratrochlear lymph nodes found?

A

Proximal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

23
Q

What regions do the supratrochlear lymph nodes drain?

A

Fingers 3-5 and the medial forearm.

24
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge synovial joint

25
Q

How many articulations does the elbow joint have?

A

2

26
Q

At the elbow, the trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with….?

A

The trochlea of the humerus.

27
Q

At the elbow, the head of the radius articulates with….?

A

The capitulum of the humerus.

28
Q

What are the 2 articulations that form the elbow joint?

A

The trochlear notch of the ulna + trochlea of humerus

AND

The head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus

29
Q

What do the thickenings of the elbow joint capsule at the medial and lateral aspects of the elbow joint form?

A

The collateral ligaments.

30
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments in the elbow?

A

They stabilise the flexing and extending motion of the arm.

31
Q

Which collateral ligement blends with the annular ligament?

A

The lateral collateral ligament

32
Q

Which movements does the annular ligament allow for?

A

Pronation and supination.

33
Q

What is the third articulation of the elbow?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint between the radial head and radial notch.

**often considered a separate articulation.

34
Q

Which muscles allow for elbow flexion?

A

Triceps
Anconeus

35
Q

Which muscles allow for elbow extension?

A

Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis

36
Q

How are elbow dislocations named?

A

By position of the ulna and radius (not humerus)

37
Q

Which area is affected by tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

38
Q

Which area is affected by golfer’s elbow?

A

Medial epicondylitis

39
Q

What movement do the proximal and distal radio ulnar joints allow for?

A

Rotational movement of the 2 bones (pronation and supination).

40
Q

What forms the proximal radio ulnar articulation?

A

Head of radius and radial notch on ulna.

41
Q

What holds the radial head in place at the proximal radio ulnar joint?

A

Annular radial ligament.

42
Q

What muscles allow for pronation at the proximal radio ulnar joint?

A

Pronator quadrates and pronator teres.

43
Q

Which muscles allow for supination at the proximal radio ulnar joint?

A

Supinator and biceps.

44
Q

What forms the articulation of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar head and ulnar notch of radius.

45
Q

What holds the radius and ulna together at the distal radio ulnar joint?

A

Articular disc.

46
Q

Which muscles allow for pronation at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus.

47
Q

Which muscles allow for supination at the distal radio ulnar joint?

A

Supinator and biceps.

48
Q

What holds the radius and ulna together during pronation and supination of the forearm?

A

Interosseous membrane.

49
Q

What are the 2 common fractures affecting the forearm?

A

Monteggia and Galeazzi

50
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture?

A

Fracture of proximal ulna AND dislocation of radial head proximally.

51
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

A

Fracture of distal radius and dislocation of ulnar head distally.

52
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Adduct, extend and internally rotate humerus

53
Q
A

MRCEM Primary (39 decks)

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