Reproductive anatomy - female Flashcards
Which organs is the uterus situated between?
Bladder and rectum
What is the uterus connected distally to?
Vagina
What is the uterus connected laterally to?
Fallopian tubes
In what position does the uterus normally lie?
Anteverted
What are the 3 parts of the uterus?
Fundus
Body
Cervix
In which part of the uterus does a blastocyst usually implant?
Body
What is the primary support structure for the uterus?
Tone of the pelvic floor
Which 5 ligaments also contribute to supporting the uterus?
Broad
Round
Ovarian
Cardinal
Uterosacral
What are the 2 anterior relations of the uterus?
Bladder
Vesico-uterine pouch
What are the 2 posterior relations of the uterus?
Rectum
Pouch of douglas
What are the 2 lateral relations of the uterus?
Broad ligament
Uterine artery + vein
What is the inferior relation of the uterus?
Vagina
What is the arterial supply to the uterus?
Uterine arteries
Where do the uterine arteries arise from?
Anterior division of the internal iliac artery
What do the uterine arteries commonly anastomose with?
Ovarian arteries
What is the venous drainage of the uterus?
A plexus in the broad ligament that drains into the uterine veins
Which nodes drain the fundus of the uterus?
Lumbar (lateral aortic)
Which nodes drain the body of the uterus?
Superficial inguinal
Which nodes drain the cervix?
Internal iliac
Sacral
What is the sympathetic innervation of the uterus?
Uterovaginal plexus (inferior hypogastric plexus)
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the uterus?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
What is the sensory innervation of the uterus?
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Where does the inferior hypogastric plexus enter the spinal cord for sensory innervation of the uterus?
T10-L1
Where are the Fallopian tubes situated?
Between the uterus and ovaries
What is the main function of the Fallopian tubes?
Transport of ovum to uterus
How long are the Fallopian tubes?
10cm
What are the 4 parts of the Fallopian tubes?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine part
Through what does the infundibulum open into the peritoneal cavity?
Abdominal ostium
What is the abdominal osmium surrounded by?
Fimbriae
What is the arterial supply to the Fallopian tubes?
Uterine + ovarian arteries
What is the venous drainage of the fallopian tubes?
Uterine and ovarian veins?
Where do the fallopian tubes receive sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation from?
Ovarian and pelvic (uterine) plexuses
Which spinal levels do the sensory afferents for the Fallopian tubes run between?
T11-L1
Where is the commonest site for ectopic pregnancies to implant?
Ampulla of fallopian tubes
What are the ovaries attached to?
The posterior surface if the broad ligament
How are the ovaries attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament?
By the mesovarium
What are the 2 main functions of the ovaries?
Production + release of oocytes
Production of sex hormones
What are the 3 components of the ovaries?
Surface
Cortex
Medulla
What cells form the surface layer of the ovaries?
Simple cuboidal cells
Which tissue forms the cortex of the ovaries?
Connective tissue stroma
What is the medulla of the ovary?
Inner part of the ovary containing supporting storm and a rich neuromuscular network
What is the arterial supply to the ovaries?
Ovarian arteries
The ovarian arteries are direct branches of what?
Abdominal aorta
What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?
Ovarian arteries
Where does the left ovarian vein drain into?
Left renal vein
Where does the right ovarian vein drain into?
IVC
Which nodes drain the ovaries?
Para-aortic nodes (+iliac nodes)
Where do the ovarian vessels and nerves run through?
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Where is ovarian sympathetic supply from?
Ovarian plexus
Where is ovarian parasympathetic supply from?
Uterovaginal plexus
Where do afferent sensory fibres of the ovaries enter the spinal cord?
T10 nerve
How long is the vagina?
9cm
Where does the vagina extend between?
Vulva and cervix
What are the 3 functions of the vagina?
Intercourse
Delivery channel during birth
Channel for menstrual fluid and tissue to exit the body
What are the 2 anterior relations of the vagina?
Bladder
UrethraW
What are the 4 posterior relations of the vagina?
Ampulla of rectum
Anal canal
Pouch of Douglas
Perineal body
What are the 4 lateral relations of the vagina?
Ureter
Uterine artery
Levator ani
Urogenital diaphragm