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MRCEM Primary > The hip joint + gluteal region > Flashcards

The hip joint + gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

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2
Q

What are the articulations which form the hip joint?

A

Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur

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3
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

Cup-like depression

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4
Q

Where is the acetabulum located?

A

Inferolateral aspect of the pelvis

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5
Q

How is the acetabulum deepened?

A

Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilaginous collar)

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6
Q

What do the ligaments of the hip joint act to do?

A

Act to increase stability

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7
Q

What is the only intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?

A

Ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments Teres)

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8
Q

What does the ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments Teres) enclose?

A

Artery to head of femur (branch of obturator artery)

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9
Q

What are the 3 extra-capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

A

Ileofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

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10
Q

What do the ileofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments prevent?

A

Hyperextension of the hip joint

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hip joint?

A

Medial circumflex artery
Lateral circumflex artery
Artery to the head of the femur

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12
Q

Which artery provides the majority of blood supply to the hip joint?

A

Medial circumflex artery

(Lateral artery has to penetrate through thick ileofemoral ligament)

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13
Q

Damaged to the medial circumflex artery can cause what?

A

Avascular necrosis

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14
Q

Which 3 nerves primarily innervate the hip joint?

A

Sciatic
Femoral
Obturator

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15
Q

Why can pain from the hip be referred to the knee?

A

The same nerves that innervate the hip joint innervate the knee

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16
Q

Which muscles are responsible for hip flexion?

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

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17
Q

Which muscles are responsible for hip extension?

A

Gluteus maximus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

18
Q

Which muscles are responsible for hip abduction?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae

19
Q

Which muscles are responsible for hip adduction?

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

20
Q

Which muscles are responsible for hip lateral rotation?

A

Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Piriformis
Obturators (gemelli and quadrates femoris)

21
Q

Which muscles are responsible for hip medial rotation?

A

Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus
Tensor fascia latte

22
Q

Which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the hip joint?

A

Posterior and anterior rami of umbrosacral nerves

23
Q

What are the 2 groups of gluteal muscles?

A

Superficial abductors and extenders
Deep lateral rotators

24
Q

Which muscles are superficial abductors and extenders in the gluteal region?

A

All 3 gluteal muscles
Obturator interns

25
Q

Which muscles are deep lateral rotators in the gluteal region?

A

Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator interns

26
Q

What is the arterial supply to the muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries (branches of the internal iliac artery).

27
Q

What is the function of the gluteus Maximus?

A

Main extensor of thigh
Assists with lateral rotation

28
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus Maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

29
Q

What is the function of gluteus medius?

A

LL abduction and medial rotation.

Also strengthens pelvis during locomotion (prevents dropping of pelvis on contralateral side).

30
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve.

31
Q

What is the function of gluteus minimus?

A

LL abduction and medial rotation.

Also strengthens pelvis during locomotion (prevents dropping of pelvis on contralateral side).

32
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve.

33
Q

What is the function of piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction.

34
Q

What is the innervation of piriformis?

A

Nerve to piriformis.

35
Q

What is the function of obturator internus?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction.

36
Q

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus.

37
Q

What is the function of quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation.

38
Q

What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadrates femoris.

39
Q

What is the combined role of piriformis, obturator internus and quadrates femoris?

A

Hip stabilisers and lateral rotators.

40
Q

The sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region directly inferior to which muscle?

A

Piriformis.

41
Q
A

MRCEM Primary (39 decks)

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