The hip joint + gluteal region

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip?

Answer 1

Ball and socket synovial joint

Question 2

What are the articulations which form the hip joint?

Answer 2

Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur

Question 3

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 3

Cup-like depression

Question 4

Where is the acetabulum located?

Answer 4

Inferolateral aspect of the pelvis

Question 5

How is the acetabulum deepened?

Answer 5

Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilaginous collar)

Question 6

What do the ligaments of the hip joint act to do?

Answer 6

Act to increase stability

Question 7

What is the only intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?

Answer 7

Ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments Teres)

Question 8

What does the ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments Teres) enclose?

Answer 8

Artery to head of femur (branch of obturator artery)

Question 9

What are the 3 extra-capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Ileofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 10

What do the ileofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments prevent?

Answer 10

Hyperextension of the hip joint

Question 11

What is the arterial supply to the hip joint?

Answer 11

Medial circumflex artery
Lateral circumflex artery
Artery to the head of the femur

Question 12

Which artery provides the majority of blood supply to the hip joint?

Answer 12

Medial circumflex artery

(Lateral artery has to penetrate through thick ileofemoral ligament)

Question 13

Damaged to the medial circumflex artery can cause what?

Answer 13

Avascular necrosis

Question 14

Which 3 nerves primarily innervate the hip joint?

Answer 14

Sciatic
Femoral
Obturator

Question 15

Why can pain from the hip be referred to the knee?

Answer 15

The same nerves that innervate the hip joint innervate the knee

Question 16

Which muscles are responsible for hip flexion?

Answer 16

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

Question 17

Which muscles are responsible for hip extension?

Answer 17

Gluteus maximus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

Question 18

Which muscles are responsible for hip abduction?

Answer 18

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae

Question 19

Which muscles are responsible for hip adduction?

Answer 19

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

Question 20

Which muscles are responsible for hip lateral rotation?

Answer 20

Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Piriformis
Obturators (gemelli and quadrates femoris)

Question 21

Which muscles are responsible for hip medial rotation?

Answer 21

Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus
Tensor fascia latte

Question 22

Which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the hip joint?

Answer 22

Posterior and anterior rami of umbrosacral nerves

Question 23

What are the 2 groups of gluteal muscles?

Answer 23

Superficial abductors and extenders
Deep lateral rotators

Question 24

Which muscles are superficial abductors and extenders in the gluteal region?

Answer 24

All 3 gluteal muscles
Obturator interns

Question 25

Which muscles are deep lateral rotators in the gluteal region?

Answer 25

Quadratus femoris Piriformis Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Obturator interns

Question 26

What is the arterial supply to the muscles in the gluteal region?

Answer 26

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries (branches of the internal iliac artery).

Question 27

What is the function of the gluteus Maximus?

Answer 27

Main extensor of thigh Assists with lateral rotation

Question 28

What is the innervation of gluteus Maximus?

Answer 28

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 29

What is the function of gluteus medius?

Answer 29

LL abduction and medial rotation. Also strengthens pelvis during locomotion (prevents dropping of pelvis on contralateral side).

Question 30

What is the innervation of gluteus medius?

Answer 30

Superior gluteal nerve.

Question 31

What is the function of gluteus minimus?

Answer 31

LL abduction and medial rotation. Also strengthens pelvis during locomotion (prevents dropping of pelvis on contralateral side).

Question 32

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?

Answer 32

Superior gluteal nerve.

Question 33

What is the function of piriformis?

Answer 33

Lateral rotation and abduction.

Question 34

What is the innervation of piriformis?

Answer 34

Nerve to piriformis.

Question 35

What is the function of obturator internus?

Answer 35

Lateral rotation and abduction.

Question 36

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

Answer 36

Nerve to obturator internus.

Question 37

What is the function of quadratus femoris?

Answer 37

Lateral rotation.

Question 38

What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?

Answer 38

Nerve to quadrates femoris.

Question 39

What is the combined role of piriformis, obturator internus and quadrates femoris?

Answer 39

Hip stabilisers and lateral rotators.

Question 40

The sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region directly inferior to which muscle?

Answer 40

Piriformis.