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MRCEM Primary > Reproductive anatomy - male > Flashcards

Reproductive anatomy - male Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the testes?

A

Sperm production (spermatogenesis) + androgen production.

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2
Q

What is the main role of the epididymis?

A

Androgen production

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3
Q

What are the 2 coverings of the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis (superficial)
Tunica Albuginea (peritoneal sac)

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4
Q

What divides the testes into lobules?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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5
Q

What do the lobules of the testes contain?

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

Which part of the testis does the tunica vaginalis cover?

A

Anterior and lateral aspects

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7
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A tube that connects the testis to the vas deferent.

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8
Q

What is the epididymis responsible for?

A

Transport and storage of sperm cells.

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9
Q

What are the 3 regions of the epididymis?

A

Head
Body
Tail

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10
Q

What is the head of the epididymis formed by?

A

Efferent tubules of the testes

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11
Q

What is the body of the epididymis formed by?

A

The heavily coiled duct of the epididymis

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12
Q

What does the tail fo the epididymis mark?

A

The origin of the vas deferens

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13
Q

What does the vas deferent do?

A

Transports sperm to the urethra for ejaculation.

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14
Q

What is the arterial supply to the testes and epididymis?

A

Paired testicular arteries

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15
Q

What are the paired testicular arteries direct branches of?

A

Abdominal aorta

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16
Q

How do the testicular arteries pass into the scrotum?

A

Through the inguinal canal (contained within the spermatic cord)

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17
Q

What permits venous drainage from the testes and epididymis?

A

Paired testicular veins

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18
Q

What are the paired testicular veins formed from?

A

The pampiniform plexus in the scrotum

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19
Q

Where does the left testicular vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein

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20
Q

Where does the right testicular vein drain into?

A

IVC

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21
Q

Which nodes drain the testes and epididymis?

A

Paired lumbar nodes and pre-aortic lymph nodes

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22
Q

Which vertebral level are the pre-aortic lymph nodes located at?

A

L1

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23
Q

Where do the testes and epididymis receive their innervation from?

A

Spermatic plexus (aka. testicular plexus)

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24
Q

What is the spermatic cord formed from?

A

Vas deferent surrounding tissues

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25
Q

What does the spermatic cord do?

A

Suspends the testes in the scrotum

AND

Contains structures that run to and from the testes

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26
Q

Where does the spermatic cord begin?

A

Deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

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27
Q

Where does the spermatic cord pass through?

A

Inguinal canal

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28
Q

Where does the spermatic cord end?

A

Posterior border of the testis in the scrotum.

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29
Q

The coverings of the spermatic cord are formed by what?

A

3 layers of fascia derived from the anterior abdominal wall

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30
Q

What are the names of the 3 fascial layers covering the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

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31
Q

What is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

A

Aponeurosis of the external oblique

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32
Q

What is the cremasteric muscle and fascia derived from?

A

Internal oblique (+ it’s fascial coverings)

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33
Q

What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

A

Transversalis fascia

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34
Q

What 4 groups of 3 are contained within the spermatic cord?

A

3 fascial layers
3 arteries
3 nerbes
3 ‘other structures’

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35
Q

Which arteries are found within the spermatic cord?

A

Artery to the vas deferens
Testicular artery
Cremasteric artery

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36
Q

Which nerves are found within the spermatic cord?

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Sympathetic and visceral afferent fibres
Ilioinguinal nerve

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37
Q

Which ‘other structures’ are found within the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform plexus
Vas deferens
Testicular lymphatics

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38
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve travel in relation to the spermatic cord?

A

Outside of it (it travels next to it, not in it).

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39
Q

The testicular lymphatics drain to which nodes?

A

Para-aortic nodes

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40
Q

Which 3 paired structures are contained within the scrotum?

A

Testis
Epididymis
Spermatic cord

41
Q

What are the 2 layers of the scrotum?

A

Skin
Superficial fascia

42
Q

What is the thin sheet of smooth muscle in the superficial fascia of the scrotum called?

43
Q

What causes the darts muscle in the scrotum to contract?

A

The cold (reduces SA of the skin)

44
Q

What is the superficial fascia of the scrotum continuous anteriorly with?

A

Superficial fascia of the abdominal wall

45
Q

What is the superficial fascia of the scrotum continuous posteriorly with?

A

Superficial fascia of the perineum

46
Q

Where does the scrotum receive its arterial supply from?

A

Anterior and posterior scrotal arteries.

47
Q

Where is the anterior scrotal artery derived from?

A

External pudendal artery

48
Q

Where is the posterior scrotal artery derived from?

A

Internal pudendal artery

49
Q

Where does the lymph from the scrotum drain into?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

50
Q

Where do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into?

A

Deep inguinal nodes

51
Q

Where do the deep inguinal nodes drain to?

A

Common iliac lymph nodes

52
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterolateral surface of the scrotum?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

53
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior surface of the scrotum?

A

Anterior scrotal nerves (branch of ilioinguinal nerve)

54
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior surface of the scrotum?

A

Posterior scrotal nerve (branch of perineal nerve)

55
Q

Which nerve supplies the inferior surface of the scrotum?

A

Perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

56
Q

What are the 3 parts of the penis?

A

Root (radix)
Body (corpus)
Glans

57
Q

What is the root of the penis located within?

A

Superficial perineal pouch of the pelvic floor

58
Q

Which part of the penis is not visible externally?

A

Root (radix)

59
Q

What does the root of the penis consist of?

A

Bulb of the penis centrally and 2 crura (one either side of the bulb)

60
Q

How many muscles are contained within the root of the penis?

61
Q

Which muscles are found within the root of the penis?

A

2 ischiocavernosi
2 bulbospongiosi

62
Q

How many cylinders of erectile tissue is the body of the penis composed of?

63
Q

What are the names of the erectile tissue contained within the body of the penis?

A

Corpus cavernosum (2 layers)
Corpus spongiosum

64
Q

Where is the body of the penis suspended from?

A

Pubic symphysis

65
Q

What is the glans of the penis formed by?

A

Distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum.

66
Q

What does the glans of the penis contain?

A

The external urethral orifice.

67
Q

Where does the penis receive it’s blood supply from?

A

3 branches of the internal pudendal artery.

68
Q

What is the internal pudendal artery a branch of?

A

Internal iliac artery

69
Q

What are the 3 branches of the internal pudendal artery that supply the penis?

A

Dorsal arteries of the penis
Deep arteries of the penis
Bulbourethral artery

70
Q

The cavernous spaces of the penis are drained by which veins?

A

Deep dorsal vein of the penis

71
Q

Where does the deep dorsal vein of the penis drain into?

A

Prostatic venous plexus

72
Q

The skin and superficial tissue of the penis are rained by which veins?

A

Superficial dorsal veins

73
Q

Where does lymph from the penis drain into?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

74
Q

Sensory and sympathetic innervation to the penis is supplied by which nerve?

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis

75
Q

The dorsal nerve of the penis is a branch of which nerve?

A

Pudendal nerve

76
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the penis is supplied by which nerve?

A

Cavernous nerves

77
Q

The cavernous nerves arise from where?

A

Prostatic nerve plexus

78
Q

What proportion of the prostate is glandular?

79
Q

What proportion of the prostate gland is fibromuscular?

80
Q

Where is the prostate gland situated?

A

Inferiorly to the neck of the bladder, superiorly to the external urethral sphincter

81
Q

What lies posterior to the prostate?

A

Ampulla of the rectum

82
Q

How many lobes of the prostate are there?

83
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the prostate?

A

Anterior (isthmus)
Lateral
Median
Posterior

84
Q

What structures divide the prostate into lobes?

A

Urethra and ejaculatory ducts

85
Q

What are the largest lobes of the prostate?

A

Lateral lobes

86
Q

Which lobe of the prostate is enlarged in BPH?

A

Median lobe

87
Q

Carcinoma of the prostate typically occurs in which lobe of the prostate?

A

Posterior lobe

88
Q

What is the 1 superior relation of the prostate?

A

Neck of the bladder

89
Q

What is the 1 inferior relation of the prostate?

A

External urethral sphincter

90
Q

What are the 3 anterior relations of the prostate?

A

Retropubic space
Prostatic venous plexuses
Puboprostatic ligament

91
Q

What are the 2 posterior relations of the prostate?

A

Rectovesical fascia (denonvillier’s fascia)
Ampulla of the rectum

92
Q

What are the 2 lateral relations of the prostate?

A

Pelvic floor
Levator ani

93
Q

Where does the prostate gland receive arterial supply from?

A

Prostatic arteries

94
Q

Venous drainage of the prostate is into where?

A

Prostatic venous plexus

95
Q

Where does the prostatic venous plexus drain into?

A

Internal iliac veins

96
Q

Which nodes mainly drain the prostate gland?

A

Obturator nodes and internal iliac nodes

97
Q

Where is parasympathetic innervation of the prostate from?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

98
Q

Where is the sympathetic innervation of the prostate from?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

MRCEM Primary (39 decks)

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