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MRCEM Primary > Reproductive anatomy - male > Flashcards

Reproductive anatomy - male Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the testes?

A

Sperm production (spermatogenesis) + androgen production.

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2
Q

What is the main role of the epididymis?

A

Androgen production

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3
Q

What are the 2 coverings of the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis (superficial)
Tunica Albuginea (peritoneal sac)

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4
Q

What divides the testes into lobules?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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5
Q

What do the lobules of the testes contain?

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

Which part of the testis does the tunica vaginalis cover?

A

Anterior and lateral aspects

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7
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A tube that connects the testis to the vas deferent.

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8
Q

What is the epididymis responsible for?

A

Transport and storage of sperm cells.

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9
Q

What are the 3 regions of the epididymis?

A

Head
Body
Tail

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10
Q

What is the head of the epididymis formed by?

A

Efferent tubules of the testes

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11
Q

What is the body of the epididymis formed by?

A

The heavily coiled duct of the epididymis

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12
Q

What does the tail fo the epididymis mark?

A

The origin of the vas deferens

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13
Q

What does the vas deferent do?

A

Transports sperm to the urethra for ejaculation.

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14
Q

What is the arterial supply to the testes and epididymis?

A

Paired testicular arteries

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15
Q

What are the paired testicular arteries direct branches of?

A

Abdominal aorta

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16
Q

How do the testicular arteries pass into the scrotum?

A

Through the inguinal canal (contained within the spermatic cord)

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17
Q

What permits venous drainage from the testes and epididymis?

A

Paired testicular veins

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18
Q

What are the paired testicular veins formed from?

A

The pampiniform plexus in the scrotum

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19
Q

Where does the left testicular vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein

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20
Q

Where does the right testicular vein drain into?

A

IVC

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21
Q

Which nodes drain the testes and epididymis?

A

Paired lumbar nodes and pre-aortic lymph nodes

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22
Q

Which vertebral level are the pre-aortic lymph nodes located at?

A

L1

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23
Q

Where do the testes and epididymis receive their innervation from?

A

Spermatic plexus (aka. testicular plexus)

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24
Q

What is the spermatic cord formed from?

A

Vas deferent surrounding tissues

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25
What does the spermatic cord do?
Suspends the testes in the scrotum AND Contains structures that run to and from the testes
26
Where does the spermatic cord begin?
Deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
27
Where does the spermatic cord pass through?
Inguinal canal
28
Where does the spermatic cord end?
Posterior border of the testis in the scrotum.
29
The coverings of the spermatic cord are formed by what?
3 layers of fascia derived from the anterior abdominal wall
30
What are the names of the 3 fascial layers covering the spermatic cord?
External spermatic fascia Cremasteric muscle and fascia Internal spermatic fascia
31
What is the external spermatic fascia derived from?
Aponeurosis of the external oblique
32
What is the cremasteric muscle and fascia derived from?
Internal oblique (+ it's fascial coverings)
33
What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?
Transversalis fascia
34
What 4 groups of 3 are contained within the spermatic cord?
3 fascial layers 3 arteries 3 nerbes 3 'other structures'
35
Which arteries are found within the spermatic cord?
Artery to the vas deferens Testicular artery Cremasteric artery
36
Which nerves are found within the spermatic cord?
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve Sympathetic and visceral afferent fibres Ilioinguinal nerve
37
Which 'other structures' are found within the spermatic cord?
Pampiniform plexus Vas deferens Testicular lymphatics
38
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve travel in relation to the spermatic cord?
Outside of it (it travels next to it, not in it).
39
The testicular lymphatics drain to which nodes?
Para-aortic nodes
40
Which 3 paired structures are contained within the scrotum?
Testis Epididymis Spermatic cord
41
What are the 2 layers of the scrotum?
Skin Superficial fascia
42
What is the thin sheet of smooth muscle in the superficial fascia of the scrotum called?
Dartos
43
What causes the darts muscle in the scrotum to contract?
The cold (reduces SA of the skin)
44
What is the superficial fascia of the scrotum continuous anteriorly with?
Superficial fascia of the abdominal wall
45
What is the superficial fascia of the scrotum continuous posteriorly with?
Superficial fascia of the perineum
46
Where does the scrotum receive its arterial supply from?
Anterior and posterior scrotal arteries.
47
Where is the anterior scrotal artery derived from?
External pudendal artery
48
Where is the posterior scrotal artery derived from?
Internal pudendal artery
49
Where does the lymph from the scrotum drain into?
Superficial inguinal nodes
50
Where do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into?
Deep inguinal nodes
51
Where do the deep inguinal nodes drain to?
Common iliac lymph nodes
52
Which nerve supplies the anterolateral surface of the scrotum?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
53
Which nerve supplies the anterior surface of the scrotum?
Anterior scrotal nerves (branch of ilioinguinal nerve)
54
Which nerve supplies the posterior surface of the scrotum?
Posterior scrotal nerve (branch of perineal nerve)
55
Which nerve supplies the inferior surface of the scrotum?
Perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
56
What are the 3 parts of the penis?
Root (radix) Body (corpus) Glans
57
What is the root of the penis located within?
Superficial perineal pouch of the pelvic floor
58
Which part of the penis is not visible externally?
Root (radix)
59
What does the root of the penis consist of?
Bulb of the penis centrally and 2 crura (one either side of the bulb)
60
How many muscles are contained within the root of the penis?
4
61
Which muscles are found within the root of the penis?
2 ischiocavernosi 2 bulbospongiosi
62
How many cylinders of erectile tissue is the body of the penis composed of?
3
63
What are the names of the erectile tissue contained within the body of the penis?
Corpus cavernosum (2 layers) Corpus spongiosum
64
Where is the body of the penis suspended from?
Pubic symphysis
65
What is the glans of the penis formed by?
Distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum.
66
What does the glans of the penis contain?
The external urethral orifice.
67
Where does the penis receive it's blood supply from?
3 branches of the internal pudendal artery.
68
What is the internal pudendal artery a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
69
What are the 3 branches of the internal pudendal artery that supply the penis?
Dorsal arteries of the penis Deep arteries of the penis Bulbourethral artery
70
The cavernous spaces of the penis are drained by which veins?
Deep dorsal vein of the penis
71
Where does the deep dorsal vein of the penis drain into?
Prostatic venous plexus
72
The skin and superficial tissue of the penis are rained by which veins?
Superficial dorsal veins
73
Where does lymph from the penis drain into?
Superficial inguinal nodes
74
Sensory and sympathetic innervation to the penis is supplied by which nerve?
Dorsal nerve of the penis
75
The dorsal nerve of the penis is a branch of which nerve?
Pudendal nerve
76
Parasympathetic innervation to the penis is supplied by which nerve?
Cavernous nerves
77
The cavernous nerves arise from where?
Prostatic nerve plexus
78
What proportion of the prostate is glandular?
2/3
79
What proportion of the prostate gland is fibromuscular?
1/3
80
Where is the prostate gland situated?
Inferiorly to the neck of the bladder, superiorly to the external urethral sphincter
81
What lies posterior to the prostate?
Ampulla of the rectum
82
How many lobes of the prostate are there?
4
83
What are the 4 lobes of the prostate?
Anterior (isthmus) Lateral Median Posterior
84
What structures divide the prostate into lobes?
Urethra and ejaculatory ducts
85
What are the largest lobes of the prostate?
Lateral lobes
86
Which lobe of the prostate is enlarged in BPH?
Median lobe
87
Carcinoma of the prostate typically occurs in which lobe of the prostate?
Posterior lobe
88
What is the 1 superior relation of the prostate?
Neck of the bladder
89
What is the 1 inferior relation of the prostate?
External urethral sphincter
90
What are the 3 anterior relations of the prostate?
Retropubic space Prostatic venous plexuses Puboprostatic ligament
91
What are the 2 posterior relations of the prostate?
Rectovesical fascia (denonvillier's fascia) Ampulla of the rectum
92
What are the 2 lateral relations of the prostate?
Pelvic floor Levator ani
93
Where does the prostate gland receive arterial supply from?
Prostatic arteries
94
Venous drainage of the prostate is into where?
Prostatic venous plexus
95
Where does the prostatic venous plexus drain into?
Internal iliac veins
96
Which nodes mainly drain the prostate gland?
Obturator nodes and internal iliac nodes
97
Where is parasympathetic innervation of the prostate from?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
98
Where is the sympathetic innervation of the prostate from?
Inferior hypogastric plexus

MRCEM Primary (39 decks)

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