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MRCEM Primary > Forearm anatomy > Flashcards

Forearm anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm.

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres

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2
Q

Where do muscles of the anterior forearm originate from?

A

The medial epicondyle of the humerus.

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3
Q

Name the muscles in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm.

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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4
Q

Name the muscles in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm.

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadrates

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5
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

Pronation of forearm
Flexion of wrist
Flexion of fingers

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6
Q

The anterior compartment of the forearm is also known as what?

A

The flexor compartment

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7
Q

What nerve provides innervation for most of the muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

Median nerve

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8
Q

Which muscles in the forearm are not innervated by the median nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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9
Q

What is the innervation for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulnar nerve

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10
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion and adduction at the wrist.

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11
Q

Innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

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12
Q

What is the function of the palmaris longus?

A

Wrist flexion

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve

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14
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Wrist flexion and abduction.

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

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16
Q

What is the function of the pronator Teres?

A

Pronation of forearm.

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator Teres?

A

Median nerve.

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18
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexes MCP joints
Flexes PIP joints of 4 fingers
Flexes wrist

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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20
Q

What are the functions of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexes DIP joints
Flexes MCP joints
Flexes wrist

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Medial half (acts on little and ring fingers) = ulnar nerve.
Lateral half (acts on middle and index fingers) = anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

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22
Q

What is the function of the flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes IP and MCP joint of thumb.

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

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24
Q

What is the function of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronation of forearm.

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

26
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm known as?

A

Extensor muscles.

27
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve.

28
Q

How many muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

A

7

29
Q

Name the 7 muscles in the superficial compartment of the posterior forearm.

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus

30
Q

How many muscles are there in the deep compartment of the posterior forearm?

A

5

31
Q

Name the 5 muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior forearm.

A

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor policis brevis
Extensor indices

32
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Elbow flexion.

33
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Radial nerve.

34
Q

What are the functions of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

Abduction and flexion at the wrist.

35
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

Radial nerve.

36
Q

What is the function of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extension of fingers at IP and MCP joints.

37
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve.

38
Q

What is the function of the extensor digit minimi?

A

Extends little finger (contributes to wrist extension)

39
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digit minimi?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve.

40
Q

What is the function of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extension and adduction of the wrist.

41
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve.

42
Q

What is the function of the anconeus?

A

Extends and stabilises elbow joint.
Abducts ulna during pronation of forearm.

43
Q

What is the innervation of the anconeus?

A

Radial nerve.

44
Q

What causes tennis elbow?

A

Repeated use of the superficial extensor muscles of the forearm.

45
Q

What do the deep posterior forearm muscles act on?

A

The thumb and index finger (aside from supinator).

46
Q

Which deep muscles of the posterior forearm does not act on the thumb or index finger?

A

Supinator.

47
Q

What is the function of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abduction of the thumb.

48
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve.

49
Q

What is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extends MCP and CMC joints of the thumb.

50
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve.

51
Q

What is the function of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Extends all joints of the thumb (CMC, MCP and IP joints).

52
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve.

53
Q

What is the function of the extensor indicis?

A

Extends index finger.

54
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve.

55
Q

What is wrist drop a sign of?

A

Radial nerve injury

56
Q

At what 2 sites is the radial nerve commonly injured at?

A

Axilla - humeral dislocations or fractures of proximal humerus.

Radial groovy of humerus - humeral shaft fracture.

57
Q

Which branch of the radial nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Deep branch

58
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve supplies which forearm muscles?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Supinator

59
Q

The radial nerve innervates which posterior forearm muscles before it branches off?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Brachioradialis

60
Q

What is the common origin of the lumbricals?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

MRCEM Primary (39 decks)

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