The knee anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the patella located?

A

In the patellofemoral groove of the femur.

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2
Q

The superior aspect of the patella is attached to what?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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3
Q

What is the inferior aspect of the patella attached to?

A

Patellar ligament

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4
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

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5
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Resists anterior displacement of the ACL

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6
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Resists posterior displacement of the tibia

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7
Q

What is the function of the MCL?

A

Resists valgus stress

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8
Q

What is the function of the LCL?

A

Resists varus stress

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9
Q

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament?

A

Reinforces/ stabilises posterior capsule

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10
Q

Hyperextension of the knee is associated with which injury?

A

ACL injuries

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11
Q

The knee joint is formed by articulations between which bones?

A

Patella
Femur
Tibia

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12
Q

What is the weight bearing component of the knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral articulation

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13
Q

What does the patella do?

A

Increases efficiency of quadriceps femoris muscle

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14
Q

What are the 2 functions of menisci?

A

Deepend articular surface of tibia = increased stability
Act as shock absorbers (increase SA allowing forces to dissipate over more area)

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15
Q

Damage to which ligament also often causes a medial meniscal tear?

A

MCL

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16
Q

What is a bursae?

A

A synovial fluid filled sack

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17
Q

Where are bursae found?

A

Between moving structures in a joint

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18
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

Aim to reduce wear and tear of moving structures either side of them

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19
Q

Name the 4 bursae found in the knee

A

Suprapetellar bursa
Prepatellar bursa
Infrapatellar bursa
Semimembranosus bursa

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20
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

A

Stabilise hinge movement of the knee, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement

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21
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments connect?

A

Femur and tibia

22
Q

What are the 4 main movements of the knee joint?

23
Q

Which muscles allow for knee extension?

24
Q

Which muscles allow for knee flexion?

25
Which muscles allow for knee lateral rotation?
26
Which muscles allow for knee medial rotation?
27
How do injuries to the collateral ligaments occur?
Force being applied to the side of the knee when the foot is placed on the ground.
28
How is the ACL most commonly injured?
Knee hyperextension OR large impact to back of knee with knee partially flexed
29
What is the most common mechanism of PCL injury?
'Dashboard injury' **When the knee is bent and there is a large force applied to the shins, pushing the tibia posteriorly.
30
What is another name for prepatellar bursitis?
Housemaid's knee
31
What is an alternate name for infrapatellar bursitis?
Clergyman's knee
32
Which injuries create the 'unhappy triad'?
Medial meniscal tear MCL tear ACL tear
33
How can an unhappy tried injury happen?
A lateral force to an extended knee.
34
In which muscle tendon does the patella sit?
Quadriceps femoris
35
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa formed by?
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg or thigh
36
What forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus
37
What forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
38
What forms the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
Medial head of gastrocnemius
39
What forms the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
40
What is the floor of the popliteal fossa formed by?
Posterior surface of knee joint capsule Popliteus muscle Posterior femur
41
What forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal fascia and skin
42
The popliteal fascia is continuous with what?
Fascia lata of the leg
43
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa (medial to lateral)?
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common peroneal nerve
44
What are the most superficial contents of the popliteal fossa?
Tibial and common peroneal nerves
45
Where in the popliteal fossa does the common peroneal nerve travel along?
The biceps femoris tendon, along the lateral margin.
46
Which vein passes between the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius and drains into the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous vein
47
What is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery
48
What is a Baker's cyst?
Inflammation and swelling of the semimembranosus bursa. **can sometimes rupture and form symptoms similar to those of a DVT
49
What are the main features of tibial nerve compression?
Weakened or absent plantarflexion Paraesthesia of foot and posterolateral leg
50
Which way does the tibia rotate in the screw home mechanism?
The tibia rotates laterally (externally) on the femur.