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► Med Misc 49 > Unit VII part 2 > Flashcards

Unit VII part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurovascular checks

A 
Pain
Pallor
Pulse
Parastasis
Paralysis
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2
Q

Kyphosis

A

Round back, forward bending of spine

Hunchback

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3
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

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4
Q

Genu valgum (valgus)

A

Outward turning of foot

Knock knee

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5
Q

Genu varum (varus)

A

Outward turning of foot

Knock knee

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6
Q

Effusion

A

Escape of fluid into a body part

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7
Q

Atrophy

A

Muscle wasting

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8
Q

Ankylosis

A

Scarring of joint

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9
Q

Contracture

A

Resistance to movement of a muscle or joint

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10
Q

Measurement of the degree of heat radiating from the skin surface

A

Thermography

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11
Q

What’s the #1 priority post procedure

A

Check neurovascular status on that extremity

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12
Q

What is the most common dx to assess muscular skeletal system

A

X ray

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13
Q

Views of specific planes & tissue depth

A

Tomogram

CT

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14
Q

Used to visualize spinal column & subarachnoid space

A

Myelography

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15
Q

Joint aspiration

A

Arthrocentesis

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16
Q

X ray of cervical or lumbar discs

A

Discography

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17
Q

IV injection of radioisotope that is taken up by the bones

A

Bone scan

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18
Q

Measures the electrical activity of muscles via needle electrodes

A

Electromyography

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19
Q

Measures the time it takes for a muscle to respond after the nerve to that muscle has been electrically stimulated

A

Nerve conduction velocity

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20
Q

Recipe

A 
Rest
Elevate
Compression 
Ice
Proper exercise
NSAIDS
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21
Q

Displacement of part , usually above, from it’s normal anatomical position within a joint

A

Dislocation

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22
Q

Partial or incomplete displacement of the joint surface

A

Subluxation

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23
Q

Most frequent dislocation joints

A 
Fingers
Elbow
Shoulder
Hip
Knee
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24
Q

Signs and symptoms of joint and soft tissue injuries

A 
Pain
Decrease ROM
Tender
Edema
Ecchymosis
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25
Q

Transitory muscle contractions by spontaneous stimulation of a single muscle fiber

A

Fibrillations

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26
Q

Severe burning pain from PN injuries

A

Causalgia

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27
Q

What nerve is damaged by incorrect usage of crutches

A

Brachial plexus

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28
Q

Muscle excitation

A

Muscle spasm

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29
Q

Bruise without break in skin

A

Contusion

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30
Q

Collection of blood

A

Hematoma

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31
Q

Inflammation of a tendon sheath & synovial sac

A

Tendosynovitis

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32
Q

Pain over lateral epicondal of humerous radiating to outer side of arm & forearm

A

Tennis elbow

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33
Q

Entrapment syndrome

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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34
Q

Occurs when s/s reappear by tapping the median nerve at the wrist

A

+ tinels sign

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35
Q

Flex the wrist for one minute

A

+ phalens sign

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36
Q

Cystic structure adjacent to a joint or tendon

A

Ganglion

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37
Q

Contracture of Palmer fascia causing ring finger and pinky to bend into the palm

A

Dupuytrens contracture

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38
Q

Injury to the intra articular cartilage padding that attaches on sides & top of tibia

A

Meniscus injury

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39
Q

Injury to ligament between tibia & femur

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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40
Q

Cyst containing synovial fluid communicating with synovial fluid of a joint

A

Popliteal cyst

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41
Q

Sudden knife like pain, bulge in calf

A

Achilles tendon rupture

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42
Q

Deformity of the 2nd toe

A

Hammer toe

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43
Q

Deformity of great toe

A

Bunion

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44
Q

Hallucinating valgus

A

Bunion

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45
Q

Localized thickening of skin

A

Corn

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46
Q

Same as corn but larger

A

Callus

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47
Q

Function of skeletal system

A 
Support
Protection
Movement 
Mineral storage
Hematopoiesis
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48
Q

Mature cells

Maintain structure

A

Osteocytes

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49
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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50
Q

Cells that reabsorb bone

A

Osteoclasts

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51
Q

The process by which intra cellular material is formed & hardening minerals are deposited into the bone

A

Ossification

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52
Q

Space in diaphysis

A

Medullary or marrow cavity

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53
Q

Where diaphysis joins epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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54
Q

Dense white fibrous covering around bone

Except at joint surfaces

A

Periosteum

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55
Q

Thin layer of hotline cartilage covering the epiphysis where bone forms a joint with another bone

A

Articular cartilage

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56
Q

Junction between two or more bones

A

Joints

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57
Q

Synarthroses

A

No movement

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58
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joint

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59
Q

Freely moveable joint

A

Diarthroses

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60
Q

Concave surface fits into a convex surface

A

Hinge

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61
Q

One surface rotates around a peg or pivot

A

Pivot joint

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62
Q

Joint that permits full freedom of movement

A

Ball & socket

Hip/shoulder

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63
Q

Joint where both articular surfaces are flat

A

Gliding

Ex. Between carpal/tarsal bones

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64
Q

An oval condyle fits into an elliptical cavity

A

Condyloid/ellipsoidal

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65
Q

Concave end fits onto a convex surface of another bone

A

Saddle joint

Ex. Metacarpal joint in thumb

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66
Q

Moving a part forward

A

Protraction

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67
Q

Moving a part backward

A

Retraction

68
Q

Toes toward head

A

Dorsiflexion

69
Q

Point toes say from body

A

Plantarflexion

70
Q

What is the function of cartilage

A

Support soft tissue

Provide articulating surfaces for joint movement

71
Q

Nourished by diffusion from capillaries

A

Avascular

72
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

73
Q

Most common type of cartilage

A

Hyaline

74
Q

Made of moderate amt of collagen fibers

Ex. Bhronchi, nose

A

Hyaline

75
Q

Contains collagen & elastic fibers

Ex. Larynx

A

Elastic

76
Q

Contains collagen & elastic fibers

Ex. Larynx

A

Elastic

77
Q

Mostly collagen
Tough tissue
Functions as shock absorber

A

Fibrocartilage

78
Q

Type of muscle found in heart

Involuntary

A

Cardiac

79
Q

Muscle found in the walls of hollow structures (bladder, blood vessels) involuntary

A

Smooth

80
Q

Muscle that is voluntary attached to bones

A

Skeletal muscles

81
Q

Contractile unit of the myofibril

A

Sacromere

82
Q

Arrangement of thick & thin filaments in the sarcomere

A

Banding

83
Q

Cell membrane

A

Sarcolemma

84
Q

Cytoplasm with in these cells

A

Sarcoplasm

85
Q

Junction between the nerve cell & muscle cell it supplies

A

Neuromuscular junction

86
Q

Point of attachment on the bone closest to trunk

A

Origin

87
Q

Point of attachment farthest from trunk

A

Insertion

88
Q

Contract to produce movement

A

Prime movers

89
Q

What relaxes the muscle

A

Antagonist

90
Q

Contract to stabilize the area involved

A

Synergist

91
Q

What is needed for muscle contractions

A

ATP

92
Q

Muscle cells require what to generate power

A

Oxygen

Glucose

93
Q

Does not produce movements, holds muscle in position

A

Tonic

94
Q

What produces movement, muscle shortens

A

Isotonic

95
Q

Increase tension in muscle but doesn’t produce movement

A

Isometric

96
Q

A quick jerky reaction to a single stimulus

A

Twitch

97
Q

Sustained twitch, series of stimuli in rapid succession

A

Tetany

98
Q

Asynchronous contraction of individual fibers

A

Fibrillation

99
Q

Abnormal uncoordinated tetnic contractions in varying muscle groups

A

Convulsions

100
Q

Attach muscle to bone

A

Tendon

101
Q

Connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

102
Q

Layers of connective tissue, separates one muscle from another

A

Fascia

103
Q

Small sacs of connective tissue located wherever pressure is exerted over moving parts

A

Bursae

104
Q

Disruption or break in the continuity or structure of the nine

A

Fracture

105
Q

Complete separation of the bone into 2 fragments

A

Closed fracture

106
Q

Break in the skin

Bone may or may not stick out

A

Open

Compound

107
Q

Line of fx extends across the bone

A

Complete Transverse fx

108
Q

Line of fx extends in a spiral direction

Twisting of bone

A

Spiral

109
Q

Fx in 3 or more fragments

A

Comminuted

110
Q

A bone fragment is forced into another fragment

A

Impacted

111
Q

Spontaneous fx usually caused by a disease process or neoplasm

A

Pathologic fx

112
Q

Fx seen in children in which only partial thickness of bone is broken

A

Incomplete or greenstick

113
Q

Hairline fx

Difficult to dx in x ray

A

Stress fx

114
Q

Fx of bone resulting from a strong pulling effect of tendons or ligaments at the bone attachment

A

Avulsion fx

115
Q

s/s fx

A 
Pain
Edema
Muscle spasm
Deformity
Crepitus
Loss of sensation 
Excessive motion
116
Q

Bone healing stages

A 
Hematoma formation
Cellular proliferation
Callus formation
Ossification
Consolidation 
Remodeling
117
Q

Excess cells reabsorbed & union complete

A

Remodeling

118
Q

Decrease distance between bone fragments until closed

A

Consolidation

119
Q

Formation of new bone 3-10 weeks

A

Ossification

120
Q

Osteoclasts destroy old bones and new bone formed by osteoblasts
Occurs 6-10 days after injury

A

Callus formation

121
Q

Fibrin mesh work formation phagocytosis of necrotic tissue

A

Cellular proliferation

122
Q

Hematoma surrounds ends of fragments

A

Hematoma formation

123
Q

Factors that enhance bone healing

A 
Immobilization of fx
Maximum bone fragment contact
Sufficient blood supply 
Proper nutrition 
Exercise
Electric potential across fx
124
Q

Factors that inhibit bone healing

A

Edema
Bone loss
Inadequate immobilizer
Space between bone fragments

125
Q

Overall goals of fx treatment

A

Anatomical realignment of bone fragments (reduction)

126
Q

Non surgical

Manual realignment

A

Closed reduction

127
Q

Correction of bone alignment through a surgical incision

A

Open reduction

128
Q

Short term traction

A

Skin traction

129
Q

Long term traction

A

Skeletal traction

130
Q

What fractures heal quickly

A

Flat bone fractures

Pelvis, scapula

131
Q

Immobilization & support of spinal injuries of thoracic or lumbar spine or after spinal surgery

A

Body jacket casts

132
Q

Weights used to suspend the part correctly & continuously

A

Balanced suspension

133
Q

Planning overall goals

A

Physiological healing with no associated complications
Pain relief
Achieve maximal rehabilitation potential

134
Q

Stiff claw-like deformity of the arm & hand

Caused by super condylar fx of humerous

A

Volkmann contracture

135
Q

what is essential to prevent permanent deficits

A

early detection

136
Q

lactic acid released by necrotic tissue

A

metablic acidosis

137
Q

damaged muscles cells release K+, possible heart damage

A

hyperkalemia

138
Q

excessive myoglobin in circulation, clogs the renal tubules

A

renal failure

139
Q

ruslut of prolonged continuous pressure on large muscles

A

crush syndrome

140
Q

myoglobin released from skeletal muscle into blood stream

A

rhabdomylosis

141
Q

characterized by the presence of fat globules in tissue & organs after a traumatic skeletal injury

A

fat embolism syndrome

142
Q

what are some predisposing factors for fat embolism syndrome

A

fractures, burns, DI, alcoholism, shock, sepsis

143
Q

what tissues are most often effected from fat embolism syndrome

A

lungs

144
Q

what is the first sign of fat embolism syndrome

A

mental status change

12-72 hours after injury

145
Q

tiny, flat red spots located on neck, chest, axillia

A

petechia

late sign of Fat embolism syndrome

146
Q

most common complication following trauma of the lower extremity in adults

A

venous thrombosis

147
Q

what is the most common fatal complication of orthopedic surgery

A

venous thrombosis

148
Q

when does venous thrombosis occur

A

24-48 hours after the injury, but not apparent for 7-10 days

149
Q

what is the average adult blood volume

A

4-5 liters

150
Q

what is the 1st sign of shock

A

mental status change

151
Q

open fractures & soft tissue injuries have an increase incidence of ?

A

infection

152
Q

if there is an open wound what shot needs to be given

A

tetnus

153
Q

bone loses its blood supplu and dies

A

avascular necrosis

154
Q

what are pts high risk for due to bone destruction

A

kidney stones

155
Q

fracture healing progressing more slowly than expected, haling eventually occurs

A

delayed union

156
Q

what helps with production/stimulation of osteoblasts

A

electrical bone stimulation

157
Q

complete failure of healing to take place

A

nonunion

158
Q

transplanting pieces of bone to new location

A

bone grafting

159
Q

what is the most important thing in mursing manangement of facial fractures

A

maintain a patent airway

160
Q

what is the most common fx seen in the hospital

A

hip

161
Q

occurs with in the hip joint and capsule

A

intracapsular fracture

162
Q

inter trochnteric fx

A

extracapsular fracture

163
Q

fracture to the distal radius

A

colles fracture

164
Q

what is the minimum urine output after surgery

A

30 ml/hr

165
Q

how is a fracture usually caused by

A

trauma

166
Q

Measure joint motion

A

Goniometer

► Med Misc 49 (29 decks)

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