Unit IV COPY Flashcards
Administration of fluids, blood components and/or medication into a vein
Intravenous
Include electrolyte solutions, vitamins, nutrient preparations and commercial blood “fractions” designed to be administered into a vein
Intravenous fluids
Solutions containing protein or starch molecules that remain uniformly distributed in fluid (do not dissolve) fail to form. True solution
Colloid
Non-colloid (salts), electrolyte solution
Crystalloid
The insertion of a needle or catheter into a vein
Vein puncture
Extremities, vs. use of central vein
Peripheral IV therapy
Catheter inserted into a centrally located vein unusually subclavian or jugular
Central venous catheter or central line (CVC)
Entry into the vascular system via the insertion of a catheter into a peripheral vein threaded through to the superior vena cava
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
Surgically placed under skin and accesses vascular system internally
Implanted ports
catheters, cannulas, or infustion ports usually disned for long term repeated access to the vasculr system
vascular access device (VAD)
by route other than GI into tissue
parenteral
nutrionally adequate hypertonic solution, usually given via CVC
total parental nutrition (TPN)
vesicant solution is administered into surrounding tissue, vesicants are solutions capable of causing tissue injury or destruction if they escape into surrounding tissue
Extravasation
tissue is destroyed
nonvesicant soultion is administered into surrounding tissue
infiltration
tissue is not destroyed
symptoms occur 48 hours or more after the Rx was given
delayed extravasation
pink
20
blue
22
what is the main purpose of IV therapy
hydration
who can order an IV
MD, PA, NP
2/3 of body fluids, has the most protein in it, located in the cells, having protein helps keep fluid in cells
intracellular fluids (ICF)
1/3 of bldy fluids, found outside of cell
extracellualr fluids
what are the 4 components of extracellualr fluid
intravascular
interstitial
transcellular
lymph
plasma space that is in the vessels, 2nd highest protein component
intravascular
fluid between cells
interstital
ceribral spinal space, GI tract, plural space are all considered what kind of fluid
transcelluar fluid
tissue fluid, mostly water but also has albumin, salt, ureia, glucose
lymph
movement of water across cell membranes from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution
osmosis
body looses water ad electrolytes from the extracellular fluid
fluid volume deficit
fluid is colleced in certain areas
third space syndrome
fluid loss
hypovolemia
body retains water and sodium equally
fluid volume excess
increase in fluid volume (blood volume)
hypervolemia
intravascular and intersitial (legs & feet)
edema
have decreased protein levels
loose water, have excess sodium, water is drawn into the vascular compartment from the interstitial space
dehydration
too much water, not enough sodium
overhydration
has the same osmotic pressure as the cell, they can incresase extracellular fluid volume
isotonic
has a lower osmotic presser than the cell, cause the cell to swell resutling in water intoxication
Hypotonic
what is the most common additive
KCl
common IV fluids
D5/W NS 0.9% S NSS D5 1/2 S D5NS LR
macrodrip
10 drops/mL
microdrip
60 drops/mL
IV tubing is good for ?
96 hours
Plain NS fluid is good for?
48 hours
what is placed on the lable
pts name
date/time up
date/time down
initials
KVO
10 gtts/min
normal output per da
1500 mL
what is the minimum output per hour
30 mL
is you have an incrase BUN, with creatin normal what could your pt have
dehydration
increase BUN & creatin
kidney damage
IV bags with medication must be changes every
24 hours
change IV site every
96 hours
what do you assess the IV site for
edema, erythema, drainage, pain pallor
flush jelco plug with
3 mL NS
IV sites started by paramedics must be changed within
24 hours
a local allergic reaction without pain or swelling
flare
what do you do with a infiltration or extravastation
stop IV, elevate, cool compress
inflammation of vein
phlebitis
clot formation with phlebitis
thrombophlebitis
result of an invastion of pathogens that are localized in the surrounding tissues
infection
what is a sign of phlebitis/thrombophlebitis
heat
what is a sign of infection
pus
pathogenic microorganism in the blood
septicemia
where is septicemia usually found
cental line
air inadvertently enters the venous system
air embolism
if you suspect an air embolism what should you do
turn pt on left side to trap air in the right atrium
occurs when a portio nof the catheter breaks off and flows into the vascular system
catheter embolism
results from a rapid introduction of a medicaion into the circulatory system
speed shock
decompensation of the circultory system due to excessive volume of fluid
circulatory overload
what is a late sign of circulatory overload
cyanosis
what is an early sign of circulatory overload
crackles
how often should a flush be done
q8hrs
dextrose in water contains
H2O, glucose
Saline contains
NaCl
dextrose in saline contains
glucose, NaCl
lactated ringers
NaCl, KCl, CaCl, H2O
1 inch
2.54 cm
1 liter
1,000 mL
1 kg
2.2 lbs
1 teaspoon
5 mL
1 tablespoon
15mL
1 oz
30 mL
1gr
60 mg
My Dear Cat Loves Xtra Vitamins Intensely
M = 1000, D = 500, C = 100, L = 50, X = 10, V = 5, I = 1
1kg
1000g
1g
1000mg
has a higher osmotic pressure than the cell,may cause to shrink resulting in dyhydration
Hypertonic
1ml
15 minim or drops
1 Dram
4 ml
1gr
60-65 mg
total parenteral nutrition
K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cr, vitamins
