UNIT TEST 4 Flashcards
1
Q
formation of sperm cells
A
SPERMATOGENESIS
2
Q
Starts after puberty
A
SPERMATOGENESIS
3
Q
Somatic cells (everything except sperm and egg cells)
A
MITOSIS
4
Q
2 daughter cells ; 46 chromosomes each daughter cells
A
MITOSIS
5
Q
Can be seen in injury repair
A
MITOSIS
6
Q
Sex cells (sperm and egg)
A
MEIOSIS
7
Q
4 daughter cells ; because of meiosis i and meiosis ii ; 23 chromosomes each daughter cells
A
MEIOSIS
8
Q
what stimulates spermatogenesis
A
GnRH, FH, LH
9
Q
father cell
A
Spermatogonium
10
Q
spermatogonium process
A
- undergoes mitosis first.
- 2 daughter cells
- daughter cells will continue meiosis or mitosis.
11
Q
meiosis i.
A
Primary spermatocyte
12
Q
First meiosis product
A
second spermatocyte
13
Q
meiosis ii.
A
Secondary spermatocyte
14
Q
product of secondary spermatocyte?
A
spermatid
15
Q
spermatozoa
A
sperm
16
Q
semen contents?
A
fructose and prostaglandins
17
Q
nourishes sperm
A
fructose
18
Q
cause contraction
A
prostaglandins
19
Q
posterior to the urinary gland in male
A
prostate gland
20
Q
carries semen and urine
A
urethra
21
Q
Acts in urinary and reproductive
A
Urethra
22
Q
longest part of the male urethra
A
Spongy urethra
23
Q
contracts, causing the skin of the scrotum to become FIRM AND WRINKLED AND REDUCING IT’S OVERALL SIZE.
A
Dartos muscle
24
Q
extension of the abdominal skeletal muscles into the scrotum, contract and help pull the testes near the body.
A
Cremaster muscle
25
Flow of Semen
seminiferous tubules → tubuli recti → rete testis → epididymis → ductus deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra
26
happens in the ovaries ;
oogenesis
27
Starts even before birth
oogenesis
28
mother cell
oogonia
29
oogenesis
1. Will first undergo mitosis
2. Daughter cell might go to meiosis i.
3. Stops at prophase i
30
stops at prophase i.
Primary oocyte
31
Birth to puberty =
no changes
32
estrogen and progesterone and other hormones will rise
After puberty
33
primary oocyte will continue the cycle
Hormones rise
34
Meiosis I product
secondary oocyte
35
There is ____ so only 1 can fully become an oocyte
unequal cell division
36
Smaller cell
polar body
37
Not capable of becoming an oocyte
Smaller cell
38
meiosis ii.
Secondary oocyte
39
Will stop at metaphase
meiosis ii secondary oocyte
40
meiosis II Will only continue if
secondary oocyte is fertilized by a sperm
41
is the one who will be fertilized by the sperm
secondary oocyte
42
covered with one layer follicle
Primary oocyte
43
Follicle are the ones who will produce ?
estrogen
44
GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE
Primary oocyte
45
Product of Graafian follicle after it breaks
corpus luteum
46
Ovarian cycle happens in?
in the ovaries
47
starts on the first day of your period and lasts for 13 to 14 days, ending in ovulation
Follicular phase
48
Development of corpus luteum
Lutial phase
49
phases of ovarian cycle
follicular and lutial phase
50
where does the uterine cycle happens?
in the uterus
51
phases of uterine cycle
menses, proliferative and secretory phase
52
shed off of endometrium because of decrease of estrogen and progesterone
Menses
53
follicles are starting to develop
Rise of estrogen
54
More follicles?
= more estrogen
55
More estrogen?
= thickening of endometrium
56
Constant supply of LH and MSH = follicles will mature?
= more follicles
57
predominant hormone in proliferative phase
ESTROGEN
58
sudden rise of LH ; starts the process of ovulation ; facilitate of ovulation
LH surge
59
Progesterone rise = corpus luteum?
= thickening of endometrium
60
predominant hormone in secretory phase
PROGESTERONE
61
Typical length of menstrual cycle
28 days
62
14th day if 28 days
day of ovulation
63
consistent 14 days
Luteal phase
64
parasympathetic nervous system is in charge
Erection
65
Secretions of different glands will gather
Emission
66
releasing of semen; Sympathetic nervous system is in charge
Ejaculation
67
long phase for men
Resolution
68
Lateral / sides of urethra
skene’s gland
69
4 and 8 o clock
Bartholin gland
70
puberty in men?
12-14 years old
71
puberty in women
11-13 years old
72
completion of puberty in women
16 yrs ol
73
completion of puberty in men
18yrs old
74
Surface epithelium
Mucous Epithelium
75
Small amount of connective tissue
Lamina Propria
76
Small smooth muscle layer
Muscularis Mucosa
77
plexus found in the muscle
myenteric (auerbach) plexus
78
connective tissue sheets that hold the abdominal organs in place.
Mesenteries
79
Also applied specifically to the mesentery associated with small intestine, sometimes called the ?
mesentery proper.
80
connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and diaphragm.
Lesser Omentum
81
long, double fold of mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon & posterior body wall.
Greater Omentum
82
produce mucus; coats and protects the stomach lining.
Surface mucus cells-
83
produce mucus
Mucous neck cells-
84
produce regulatory chemicals
Endocrine cells-
85
produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)
Chief cells
86
produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
Parietal cells
87
Breaks the covalent bonds in proteins (breaks them into smaller peptide chains.
pepsin (chief cellS)
88
1. Kills bacteria (found in ingested food)
2. Denatures proteins
3. Helps convert pepsinogen to pepsin (optimal activity at pH 2 or less)
HCI (parietal cells)
89
distention of the stomach wall.
major stimulus of gastric motility and emptying
90
major inhibitor of motility and emptying; stomach emptying is slower after a fatty meal due to the release of ?
Cholecystokinin
91
regulation of gastric acid
regulation of pancreatic bicarbonate
osmoregulation.
secretin
92
transport bile out of liver
Right and left hepatics
93
union of the hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct-
94
from gallbladder
Cystic duct
95
union of cystic duct and common hepatic ducts
Common bile duct
96
what empties into the duodenum?
common bile duct
97
Which region is pancreas located
epigastric runs to the left side too
98
filtration process
filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
99
A system which mainly functions to cleanse the body of waste products.
urinary system
100
Urine is concentrated when?
dehydrated
101
Funnel shaped structure surrounds the tip of each pyramid
Minor calyx-
102
renal pelvis
Major calyx
103
How many nephrons - millions per kidney and what is it + functions?
1.3M; Functional unit
