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1st Term > HEART > Flashcards

HEART Flashcards

1
Q

the heart, blood vessels and blood together,

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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2
Q

a muscular organ that is essential for life because it pumps blood through body.

A

HEART

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3
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities that surrounds the lungs.

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4
Q

The heart is surrounded by it’s own cavity, the?

A

pericardial cavity

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5
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through vessels.

A

pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart through vessels.

A

Systemic circulation-

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7
Q

blunt, rounded point of the heart.

A

Apex

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8
Q

larger, flat part at the opposite end of the heart.

A

Base

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9
Q

heart, trachea, esophagus and associated structures form a midline.

A

Mediastinum

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10
Q

emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a person’s heart stops.

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

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11
Q

surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum.

A

Pericardium (pericardial sac)

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12
Q

2 LAYERS OF THE PERICADIUM

A

Fibrous and Serous pericardium

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13
Q

outer layer of the pericardium.
Composed of tough, fibrous connective tissue.

A

Fibrous pericardium

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14
Q

inner layer; Consists of flat epithelial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue.

A

Serous pericardium

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15
Q

2 parts of the serous pericardium

A

parietal and visceral pericardium

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16
Q

lines the fibrous pericardium.

A

Parietal pericardium

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17
Q

covers the heart surface.

A

Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

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18
Q

located between the visceral and parietal pericardia, filled with pericardial fluid.

A

Pericardial Cavity

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19
Q
  1. produced by serous pericardium.
  2. Helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium.
A

Pericardial fluid

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20
Q

An inflammation of the serious pericardium.

A

Pericarditis

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21
Q

a potentially fatal condition in which fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside.

A

Cardia tamponade

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22
Q

Functions as reservoirs. Where blood returning from veins collects before it enters the ventricles

A

Right and Left ATRIA

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23
Q

Receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

A

Right Atrium

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24
Q

drain blood from the most of the body,

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

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25
Q

drains blood from most of the heart muscle.

A

Smaller Coronary Sinus

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26
Q

receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, which drain blood from the lungs.

A

Left Atrium

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27
Q

separated the two atria.

A

Interatrial Septum

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28
Q

where blood enters the atria of the heart through blood vessels.

A

Veins

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29
Q
  1. extend from the base of the heart toward the apex.
  2. Major pumping chambers.
  3. Eject blood into the arteries and force it to flow through the circulatory system.
A

Right and left ventricle

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30
Q

Pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.

A

Right Ventricle

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31
Q

pumps blood into the aorta.

A

Left Ventricle

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32
Q

extends around the heart; Separates the Atria from the Ventricles, and indicates the division between the right and left ventricles.

A

Coronary Sulcus

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33
Q

Maintained the one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers.

A

Heart Valves

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34
Q

Allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but prevent it from flowing back into the atria.

A

Atrioventricular Valves

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35
Q

the AV valve between the RA and RV,

A

Tricuspid Valve

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36
Q

the AV valve between LA and LV.

A

Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

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37
Q

cone-shaped, muscular pillars.

A

Papillary Muscles

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38
Q

thin, strong, connective tissue rings muscle that is attached by papillary muscles.

A

Chordae tendineae

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39
Q

located between each ventricle and its associated great artery.

A

Semilunar valve

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40
Q

located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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41
Q

located between the left ventricle and aorta.

A

Aortic semilunar valve

42
Q
  1. a plate of connective tissue, consists mainly of fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves.
  2. Gives solid support.
  3. Serves as an electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles.
  4. Provides rigid attachment site for cardiac muscle.
A

Cardiac Skeleton (fibrous skeleton)

43
Q

provide the pathway for blood through the heart wall.

A

Coronary Arteries

44
Q

drain blood from the cardiac muscle.

A

Cardiac Veins-

45
Q
  1. a large vein located within the coronary sulcus on the
  2. posterior aspect of the heart.
    Blood flows from the coronary sinus into the right atrium
A

Coronary Sinus

46
Q
  1. thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of the heart.
  2. Consists of simple squamous epithelium overlying a layer of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
A

Epicardium (visceral pericardium)

47
Q
  1. thick, middle layer of the heart.
  2. Consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue.
A

Myocardium-

48
Q
  1. smooth, inner surface of the heart.
  2. Consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue.
  3. Allow blood to move easily through the heart.
  4. Forms the heart valves.
A

Endocardium

49
Q

The surfaces of the interior walls of the ventricles are modified ridges and columns of cardiac muscle.

A

Trabeculae carneae

50
Q

Contain actin and myosin myofilaments; Have mitochondria; produces ATP; Cannot develop a significant oxygen deficit.

A

Cardiac Muscle

51
Q

specialized end-to-end contacts.

A

Intercalated disks

52
Q

specialized cell membrane structures in the intercalated disks.

A

Gap junctions

53
Q

when a blood clot or thrombus suddenly blocs coronary vessel.

A

Coronary thrombosis (heart attack)

54
Q

breaks own blood clots.

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

55
Q

These thickenings in the wall of arteries can contain deposits that are high cholesterol and other lipids.

A

atherosclerotic plaque

56
Q

the pain in the chest that can be felt if the person is fatigue.

A

Angina pectoris

57
Q

a procedure in which a surgeon threads a small balloon through the aorta and into a coronary artery.

A

Angino plasty

58
Q

a small coil device with small rotating blades and lasers; used to remove lesions from coronary vessels.

A

Stent

59
Q

a surgical procedure that relieves the effect of obstructions in the coronary arteries.

A

Coronary bypass

60
Q

HEART AT REST
ATRIA STIMULATED
ATRIA CONTRACT
VENTRICLES STIMULATED
VENTRICLES CONTRACT

A

STIMULATION OF THE HEART

61
Q

Exhibit depolarization followed by repolarization.

A

ACTION POTENTIALS IN CARDIAC MUSCLE

62
Q

lasts about as long as the plateau phase of action potential in cardiac muscle.

A

Refractory period

63
Q

heart’s peacemaker.

A

Sinoatrial node

64
Q

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
The bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

A

Conduction System of the Heart

65
Q

result of an action potential originate in an area of the heart other than the SA node.

A

Ectopic beat

66
Q

an ectopic beat that may cause very small portions of the heart to contract rapidly and independently of all other areas.

A

Fibrillation

67
Q

a technique used by heath professionals to stop the process of fibrillation.
2. Apple a strong chemical shock to the chest region; causes simultaneous depolarization of all cardiac muscle fibers.

A

Defibrillation

68
Q

The heart is completely relaxed
Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Ventricular systole continues
Ventricular diastole

A

CARDIAC CYCLE

69
Q

atrium; complete the filling of the ventricles with blood.

A

Primer pump

70
Q

ventricle; produces the major force that causes blood flow through the pulmonary and systemic circulation.

A

Power Pump

71
Q

the repetitive pumping process that begins ith the onset of cardiac muscle contraction and ends with the beginning of the next contraction

A

Cardiac Cycle

72
Q

contraction of the two atria.

A

Atrial systole

73
Q

contraction of the two ventricles.

A

Ventricular Systole

74
Q

to relaxation of the two atria.

A

Atrial diastole

75
Q

relaxation of the two ventricles.

A

Ventricular Diastole

76
Q

developed to listen to the sounds of the lungs and heart.

A

Stethoscope

77
Q

Occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole and results from closure of the AV valves.

A

First sound- lubb

78
Q

Occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole and results from closure of the semilunar valves.

A

Second sound- dupp

79
Q

a heart valve that not close completely.

A

Incompetent valve

80
Q

abnormal heart sounds; a result of faulty valves.

A

Murmurs

81
Q

opening of the valve that is narrowed.

A

Stenosed

82
Q

is the volume of blood pumped by either ventricle of the heart each minute.

A

Cardiac output (CO)

83
Q

is the volume of blood pumped per ventricle each time the heart contracts.

A

Stroke volume (SV)

84
Q

is the number of times the heart contracts each minute. Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying the stroke volume times the heart rate:

A

heart rate (HR)

85
Q

-mechanism contained within the heart itself.

A

INTRINSIC REGULATION OF THE HEART

86
Q

the degree to which the ventricular walls are stretched at the end of diastole.

A

Preload

87
Q

the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

A

Venous return

88
Q

relationship between preload and stroke volume.

A

Starling’s law of the heart-

89
Q

the pressure against which the ventricles must pump blood.

A

Afterload

90
Q

Includes nervous regulation and chemical regulation.

A

EXTRINSIC REGULATION OF THE HEART

91
Q

nervous and chemical mechanism.

A

Nervous Regulation: (Baroreceptor Reflex)

92
Q

Mechanism of the nervous system that plays an important role in regulating heart function.

A

Baroreceptor reflex

93
Q

stretch receptors that monitor blood pressure in the aorta and in the wall of the internal carotid arteries, which carry blood to the brain.

A

Baroreceptor

94
Q

receives and integrates action potentials from the baroreceptors.

A

Cardioregulatory center

95
Q
  1. Controls the action potential frequency in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the heart.
  2. Influences sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal gland.
A

Cardioregulatory center

96
Q

released from the adrenal gland increase the stroke volume and heart rate.

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

97
Q

increases stroke volume and heart rate.

A

Sympathetic stimulation

98
Q

decreases heart rate.

A

Parasympathetic stimulation-

99
Q

Emotions influence heart function by increasing ____ of the heart in response to exercise, excitement, anxiety, or anger

A

Sympathetic stimulation

100
Q

by increasing ___ in response to depression.

A

parasympathetic stimulation

1st Term (15 decks)

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