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Principles of Bio Med > Unit Health Test (CNS, drugs, and alcohol) > Flashcards

Unit Health Test (CNS, drugs, and alcohol) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overall function of the CNS?

A

Sends and recieves messages to/from the entire body

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2
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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3
Q

What are the two main parts of the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

Main functions of the cerebrum?

A

Higher-level thinking, reasoning, perception, etc.

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5
Q

Responsible for higher-level thinking, reasoning, mood, emotions, and voluntary movements

A

The cerebrum

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6
Q

Main functions of the cerebellum?

A

Subconscious muscle coordination, balance, and posture

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7
Q

Responsible for subconscious muscle coordination, balance, and posture

A

The cerebellum “the little brain”

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the brain stem?

A

Pons and medulla

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9
Q

Communication pathway between your spinal cord and upper brain

A

Pons

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10
Q

Controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

A

Medulla

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11
Q

What are neurons?

A

CNS cells that’s send/recieves messeges

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12
Q

How many neurons are in the CNS?

A

Billions

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13
Q

What is neurogenesis?

A

Regeneration of neurons

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14
Q

What are the three types of alcohol?

A

methanol, isopropyl , and ethanol

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15
Q

“wood alcohol” that is used in industrial products

A

methanol

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16
Q

Rubbing alcohol

A

isopropyl

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17
Q

drinkable, in beer/wine/liquor

A

ethanol (ethyl)

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18
Q

Classification of alcohol?

A

A gateway drug and a depressant

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19
Q

What is a gateway drug?

A

A drug that lowers inhibitions to try other drugs

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20
Q

blocks messages, alters perceptions, emotions, senses, coordination

A

depressant

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21
Q

What are the 6 factors that influence alcohol rate of absorbtion/effects?

A

Amount consumed, how fast, bodyweight, tolerance, food eaten, and gender

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22
Q

Why are people with more body weight less likely to feel absorbtion/effects?

A

More blood and water in the body dilutes the alcohol

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23
Q

MORE IS NEEDED TO FEEL THE EFFECTS… A SIGN OF ALCOHOLISM

A

Tolerance

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24
Q

How does eating food change alcohol absorbtion rate?

A

Food in the stomach slows absorbtion but does not prevent intoxication

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25
Why are females more susceptible to faster alcohol absorbtion?
Less stomach enzymes that acts on alcohol to break it down
26
BAC
Blood alcohol concentration
27
What is blood alcohol concentration?
concentration of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream – expressed as a percentage
28
What percentage do most states use in BAC to declare a person not able to drive?
0.08%
29
How much alcohol is percieved as one drink?
One-half an ounce of pure ethyl alcohol
30
Drinking 4-5 drinks in a row
Binge drinking
31
Body structures involved in the pathway of alcohol
Mouth, stomach and small intestine, bloodstream, brain, and liver
32
How much of alcohol passes through stomach compared to small intestine?
20% passes from stomach to bloodstream and 80% passes from small intestine to blood stream
33
What happens when alcohol reaches the brain?
Impairment
34
Breaks down
oxidizes
35
What does alcohol break down to in the liver?
Water, carbon dioxide, and energy
36
How long does it take the liver to break down 1/2 ounce of alcohol (one drink)?
One hour
37
What are the four stages leading up to cirrhosis?
1. Fat builds up in Liver 2. Blood/oxygen flow to liver is blocked 3.Cell death 4. Scar tissue replaces liver cells
38
FAS or FAE
Fetal alcohol syndrome or effect
39
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
Physical/mental defects caused by maternal alcohol consumption
40
Which BAC level means comma or possible death due to respiratory distress?
0.4-0.5%
41
BAC level for brain death?
0.5%
42
Signs of alcohol poisoning?
Mental confusion, vomiting, seizures, and hypothermia
43
Breathing of a person with alcohol poisoning?
Fewer than 8 breaths per minute and 10 seconds or more between breaths
44
How many different chemicals are in tobacco smoke?
7,000
45
How many cancer causing substances are in tobacco smoke?
60
46
What are carcinogens?
cancer-causing substances
47
What are the most harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke?
Nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide
48
What is a nicotine?
An addictive stimulant in tobacco
49
What are the effects of nicotine on the body?
High heart rate, drop in skin temp, and high blood pressure
50
Rapid pulse, clammy skin,nausea, dizziness, tingling in hands/feet.
Signs of nicotine poisoning
51
Nicotine addiction
Tolerance and addiction develops quickly and both physical and psychological withdrawl occurs
52
dark,sticky mixture of chemicals that forms when tobacco burns (contains hundreds of carcinogens)
tar
53
What are the effects of tar on the body?
fingers and teeth turn brown/yellow and it can stick to cillia
54
Tiny hairs in respiratory tract that collect foreign particles to aid in immunity
Cillia
55
posionous, odorless gas found in cigarette smoke.
carbon monoxide
56
What does carbon monoxide have high attraction to?
hemoglobin that carries oxygen to the blood
57
What does carbon monoxide displace?
oxygen
58
When impacted by carbon monoxide, how does your heart function?
Works harder but accomplishes less
59
What is second hand smoke?
Comes from two sources: mainstream and sidestream smoke
60
What is mainstream smoke?
Smoke that is breathed out by smoker
61
What is sidestream smoke?
Smoke from the burning end of a tobacco products
62
What does second hand smoke increase your risk for?
cancer, asthma and other forms of respiratory illnesses
63
How many Americans die annually from tobacco use?
480,000
64
How many cancer deaths are tobacco related?
1 in 3
65
Tobacco causes what percentage of lung cancer in men/women?
90% in men and 80% in women
66
Which organs/body systems does tobacco cause cancer in?
Mouth, esophagus, colon, bladder and larynx
67
bronchial tubes become swollen and clogged with mucus= no cure
Chronic Bronchitis
68
alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs lose ability to expand/contract = irreversible damage
Emphysema
69
70
What is the main function of the brains stem?
To regulate breathing and heart rate
71
Which tobacco ingredient constricts the blood vessels?
Nicotine
72
What does ACT stand for?
Acknowledge, care , and tell 1 trusted adult
73
How much sleep do teens need?
9/9.25
74
What are the eight dimensions of wellness?
physical, social, intellectual, spiritual, emotional, occupational, financial, and environmental

Principles of Bio Med (26 decks)

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