Bio Med: Bacteria and Immune System Test

Question 1

What are the different steps to a gram stain in order?

Answer 1

Crystal violet
Iodine (fixant)
Decolorizer (alcohol)
Safranin (counterstain)

Question 2

What is the Bunsen burner used for?

Answer 2

Sterilization of the inoculating loop and heat fixation (binding bacteria to the slide)

Question 3

What is the goal of bacteria isolation?

Answer 3

To grow bacteria in individual colonies (presumptive)

Question 4

What is the goal of gram staining?

Answer 4

To determine the type of bacteria present ( confirmatory)

Question 5

What color is gram negative

Answer 5

pink

Question 6

What color is gram positive?

Answer 6

purple

Question 7

bacillus

Answer 7

rods

Question 8

spirilla

Answer 8

spirals

Question 9

coccous

Answer 9

spheres

Question 10

What are the non-living infectious agents?

Answer 10

Viruses and prions

Question 11

What are antibiotics used to treat?

Answer 11

Bacteria

Question 12

What are the living infectious agents?

Answer 12

Bacteria, fungi, Helminths, and protists

Question 13

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

Do not have a nucleus and are single-celled (humans do not have them)

Question 14

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

Humans have them, Have a nucleus and are multi-cellular (but they can be single cells)

Question 15

Examples of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

Examples of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 16

Fungi, protists, and helminths

Question 17

Why are prions and viruses not considered eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

They are not living

Question 18

properties of a gram positive bacteria

Answer 18

Has a thick peptidoglycan/ protein layer, which absorbs the purple color (does NOT have an outer membrane)

Question 19

Properties of a gram negative bacteria

Answer 19

Has a thin outer membrane, making it harder for antibodies
to defeat

Question 20

What are the three lines of defense?

Answer 20

Barriers, inflammation response, and the adaptive immune system

Question 21

Where are t-cells created and what do they kill?

Answer 21

in the thymus and they kill tissues

Question 22

Where are the b-cells created and where do they kill?

Answer 22

They are created in the bone marrow and they kill in the bloodstream

Question 23

What do the b-cells create?

Answer 23

macrophages and antibodies

Question 24

What is an antigen?

Answer 24

Anything that generates an immune response

Question 25

What is immunity?

Answer 25

When you have antibody protection from a vaccine or from getting the illness

Question 26

non-specific defense is. . .

Answer 26

Innate (you are born with it)

Question 27

Specific defense is . . .

Answer 27

acquired

Question 28

What do T helper cells do?

Answer 28

They trigger the B and T cells when there is an infection

Question 29

What is an autoclave?

Answer 29

Wet heat that kills bacteria

Question 30

What is aseptic?

Answer 30

A sterile technique used to reduce sepsis ( infectious bacteria in your bloodstream)

Question 31

What is it called when you streaked the plate with bacteria (presumptive test)?

Answer 31

Bacteria Isolation

Question 32

What is it called when you identify the type of bacteria (confirmatory test)?

Answer 32

Gram staining

Question 33

What side goes up when you put the petri dish in the incubator?

Answer 33

The agar side

Question 34

What does agar mean?

Answer 34

bacterial nutrients

Question 35

What does PPE mean?

Answer 35

Personal protective equipment

Question 36

What angle do you lift the petri dish at?

Answer 36

A 45 degree angle

Question 37

How many times do you dip the onoculating loop into the supply culture?

Answer 37

once