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Biology > Unit Five > Flashcards

Unit Five Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Electrons that can be gained, lost, or shared in a chemical reaction

A

Valence electrons

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2
Q

The large molecules that make up living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleus acids

A

Macromolecules/macronutrients

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3
Q

A small molecule that may be chemically bounded to other like molecules to form a polymer

A

Monomer

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4
Q

Long chain (small, repeating molecules)

A

Polymer

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5
Q

Chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer

A

Polymerization

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6
Q

Chemical compound that contain carbon and that make up living organisms

A

Organic compounds

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7
Q

An organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in; used as a source of energy and give structure to some types of cells

A

Carbohydrate

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8
Q

A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy

A

Starch

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9
Q

A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give structural support

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

A polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy short term

A

Glycogen

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11
Q

Organic molecules mad rip of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates they will not dissolve in water

A

Lipids

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12
Q

A type of lipid used to store energy and as a source of fatty acids

A

Fat

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13
Q

A fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen a attached to each carbon

A

Saturated fats (bad for you; unhealthy)

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14
Q

A fat that has on double carbon-to-carbon bond

A

Monounsaturated fat

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15
Q

An organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in; used as a source of energy and give structure to some types of cells

A

Carbohydrate

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16
Q

Simple sugar

A

Monosaccharide

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17
Q

A polymer of sugar, meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together

A

Polysaccharide

18
Q

A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy

A

Starch

19
Q

A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give structural support

A

Cellulose

20
Q

A polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy short term

A

Glycogen

21
Q

Organic molecules mad rip of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates they will not dissolve in water

A

Lipids

22
Q

A type of lipid used to store energy and as a source of fatty acids

A

Fat

23
Q

A fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen a attached to each carbon

A

Saturated fats (bad for you; unhealthy)

24
Q

A fat that has on double carbon-to-carbon bond

A

Monounsaturated fat

25
Q

Fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body but must be eaten; omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids for humans

A

Essential fatty acids

25
Q

A type of lipid that helps to make up cell membranes

A

Phospholipid

26
Q

A type of lipid that can be present in cell membranes or can make up certain hormones

A

Steroids

27
Q

A type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones

A

Cholesterol

28
Q

A type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves skin feathers ect

A

Wax

29
Q

An organic molecule with many important functions; the main structural component of muscle, skin, bone, etc.

A

Protein

30
Q

Organic molecules are building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

31
Q

An element found in amino acids and proteins but is not found in carbohydrates or fats

A

Nitrogen

32
Q

The covalent bond between amino acids in a protein

A

Peptide bond

33
Q

An organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus and makes up RNA and DNA

A

Nucleic acid

34
Q

A molecule that contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base and that links together to form RNA and DNA

A

Nucleotide

35
Q

I nucleic acid. Molecule in the shape of a double helix that contains deoxyribose sugar that stores genetic information

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

36
Q

The shape, similar to a twisted ladder, of a DNA molecule

A

Double helix

37
Q

A biological catalyst that enables chemical reactions to take place in the body

A

Enzyme

38
Q

A substance that is changed by an enzyme

A

Substrate

39
Q

The part of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

A

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Biology (16 decks)

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