Unit Five Flashcards
Electrons that can be gained, lost, or shared in a chemical reaction
Valence electrons
The large molecules that make up living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleus acids
Macromolecules/macronutrients
A small molecule that may be chemically bounded to other like molecules to form a polymer
Monomer
Long chain (small, repeating molecules)
Polymer
Chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer
Polymerization
Chemical compound that contain carbon and that make up living organisms
Organic compounds
An organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in; used as a source of energy and give structure to some types of cells
Carbohydrate
A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy
Starch
A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give structural support
Cellulose
A polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy short term
Glycogen
Organic molecules mad rip of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates they will not dissolve in water
Lipids
A type of lipid used to store energy and as a source of fatty acids
Fat
A fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen a attached to each carbon
Saturated fats (bad for you; unhealthy)
A fat that has on double carbon-to-carbon bond
Monounsaturated fat
An organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in; used as a source of energy and give structure to some types of cells
Carbohydrate
Simple sugar
Monosaccharide
A polymer of sugar, meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together
Polysaccharide
A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy
Starch
A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give structural support
Cellulose
A polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy short term
Glycogen
Organic molecules mad rip of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates they will not dissolve in water
Lipids
A type of lipid used to store energy and as a source of fatty acids
Fat
A fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen a attached to each carbon
Saturated fats (bad for you; unhealthy)
A fat that has on double carbon-to-carbon bond
Monounsaturated fat
Fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body but must be eaten; omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids for humans
Essential fatty acids
A type of lipid that helps to make up cell membranes
Phospholipid
A type of lipid that can be present in cell membranes or can make up certain hormones
Steroids
A type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones
Cholesterol
A type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves skin feathers ect
Wax
An organic molecule with many important functions; the main structural component of muscle, skin, bone, etc.
Protein
Organic molecules are building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
An element found in amino acids and proteins but is not found in carbohydrates or fats
Nitrogen
The covalent bond between amino acids in a protein
Peptide bond
An organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus and makes up RNA and DNA
Nucleic acid
A molecule that contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base and that links together to form RNA and DNA
Nucleotide
I nucleic acid. Molecule in the shape of a double helix that contains deoxyribose sugar that stores genetic information
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The shape, similar to a twisted ladder, of a DNA molecule
Double helix
A biological catalyst that enables chemical reactions to take place in the body
Enzyme
A substance that is changed by an enzyme
Substrate
The part of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
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