Biochemical Unit 4 Flashcards
The smallest portion of an element
Atom
The center part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
Nucleus
A particle in an atom found in the nucleus that has a positive electrical charge
Proton
A particle in an atom found in the nucleus that has no electrical charge
Neutron
A particle in an atom that has a negative electrical charge
Electron
Substance that cannot be separated into a simpler substance, examples: Carbon, oxygen, gold
Element
An orderly of elements based on their atomic numbers
Periodic table
An element’s position in the periodic table based on (and equal to) the number of protons it has in its nucleus
Atomic number
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter
Atoms of the same element that had different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
Isotopes
The mass contained in an element nucleus, which is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
Atomic Mass
The distance the electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom
Electron energy level
A chemical combination of two or more atoms or elements
Chemical compound
Process that occurs when one substance is changed into another
Chemical reaction
An elements ability or tendency to combine with another element
Reactivity
Tendency of atoms to gain, lose, or share their electrons
Octet rule
The attractive force between atoms that is forced when atoms transfer or share their electrons
Chemical bound
A diagram of an atom that represents its valence electrons as dots around the chemical symbol
Electron dot diagram
A connection between atoms when electrons are attracted, shared, or transferred
Chemical bound
A bond formed when elements transfer electrons (gain or lose)!!!
Ionic bound
An electrically charged “atom” that has either gained or lost electrons.
Ion
A bound formed when elements share electrons (SHARE)!
Covenant bound
Carbon containing compounds that make up living tissue
Organic compound
Molecule that has a partial positive on one end and a partial negative on the other end
Polar molecule
In case of water molecules, the weak bond that occurs when the hydrogen in one molecule is attracted to the oxygen in another water molecule
Hydrogen bond
The attraction between molecules of the same kind
Cohesion
The film like quality on the surface of a liquid that is caused by the attraction of liquid molecule to themselves
Surface tension
The attraction of one type of molecule to a different type of molecule
Adhesion
The tendency of a liquid to draw up into a narrow tube due to the liquids properties of cohesion and adhesion
Capillary action
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius
Specific heat
A substance that dissolved another
Solvent
An atom or molecule that had gained or lost electrons so that it has a positive or negative charge
Ion
Any process that occurs In a living organism, such as muscle movement in animals or photosynthesis in plants
Biological process
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
pH
A solution with more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions; having a pH less that 7
Acid
A solution with more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions; with a pH more than 7
Base
A substance that prevents the pH of a solution from changing even if a small amount of an acid or base is added
Buffer
