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Biology > 9 > Flashcards

9 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process that somatic cells go trough in order to grow and reproduce

A

Cell cycle

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2
Q

The longest part of a cell cycle when the cell grows and develops, replicates its DNA, and makes proteins and RNA to prepare for cell division

A

Interphase

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3
Q

The part of the cell cycle when the nucleus divides

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

All the cells in the body except the sex cells (gametes); the cells that make up tissues and organs

A

Somatic cells

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5
Q

The first stage of mitosis when chromatin condenses and can be seen

A

Prophase

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6
Q

The second stage of mitosis when the chromatids line up along the midline of the nucleus

A

Metaphase

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7
Q

The the third stage of mitosis when the centromeres divide and the sister chromatids separate

A

Anaphase

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8
Q

The last stage of mitosis when new nuclear membranes are formed around each set
Of chromosomes

A

Telophase

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9
Q

The last part of the cell cycle when the entire cell divides

A

Cytokinesis

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10
Q

To make an exact copy of; for example, chromosomes replicate in the nucleus before a cell divides

A

Replicate

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11
Q

A structure that holds sister chromatids (pairs of replicated chromosomes) together

A

Centromere

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12
Q

The threadlike material made of DNA and proteins found in chromosomes (or will condense to form chromosomes)

A

Chromatin

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13
Q

Also’s except sex cells; for example: blood cells, liver cells, skin cells

A

Somatic cells

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14
Q

The cells other than somatic cells that are formed through a process called meiosis

A

Sex cells (or gametes)

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15
Q

The process that forms the six cells called gametes (ova and sperm cells)

A

Meiosis

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16
Q

Sex cells produced through the process of meiosis hat contains half the number of chromosomes for that organism; have a n number of chromosomes

A

Haploid cells

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17
Q

Somatic cells produced through the process of mitosis that contain the full number of chromosomes for that organism; have a 2n number of chromosomes

A

Diploid cells

18
Q

The two chromosomes that make up each pair of human somatic cells (23 pairs for a total of 46 chromosomes in humans)

A

Homologous chromosomes (or homologues)

19
Q

The pair of chromosomes that determines gender (male or female)

A

Sex chromosomes

20
Q

The pairs of chromosomes that do not include the one pair of sex chromosomes and that do not determine gender

A

Autosomes

21
Q

Homologous chromosomes paired together side by side during meiosis

A

Tetrad

22
Q

The exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis

A

Crossing over

23
Q

Sperm cells (or gametes)

A

Spermatozoa

24
Q

Egg cells (or female gametes)

A

Ova

25
Q

The production of sperm cells

A

Spermatogenesis

26
Q

The production of ova (or eggs)

A

Oogenesis

27
Q

The cells produced during oogenesis that do not form a mature egg cell

A

Polar bodies

28
Q

Type of reproduction that occurs when only one patent organism reproduces itself to form a genetically identical offspring

A

Asexual reproduction

29
Q

A type of asexual reproduction that occurs when a single celled organism reproduces itself by replicating its DNA and then dividing

A

Binary fission

30
Q

A type of asexual reproduction that occurs when a group of cells grows on a parent organism and eventually detaches to become a separate organism

A

Budding

31
Q

A type of asexual reproduction that occurs when a new plant grows from a part of the parent plant

A

Vegetative propagation

32
Q

The regrouping of a missing body part

A

Regeneration

33
Q

A type of asexual reproduction in which a small or broken piece from an organism develops into a new adult organism

A

Fragmentation

34
Q

A type of asexual reproduction in which an organism creates either haploid or diploid spores, either of which can grow into an adult organism under favorable conditions

A

Spore formation

35
Q

A type of asexual reproduction sometimes seen in more complex organisms, such as certain insects, in which an unfertilized egg develops into an adult

A

Parthenogenesis

36
Q

Type of reproduction that usually requires two parents to produce offspring that are not genetically identical to either parent

A

Sexual reproduction

37
Q

The Union of a male and a female gamete during sexual reproduction

A

Fertilization

38
Q

In plants, the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ to the female reproductive organ

A

Pollination

39
Q

A primitive type of sexual reproduction in which two parent organisms, usually bacteria, exchange genetic material

A

Conjugation

40
Q

A process or reproduction in which one generation is produced by an asexual stage and the next generation is produced by a sexual stage

A

Alternation of generations

Biology (16 decks)

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