Unit 10&11 Flashcards
The study of heredity
Genetics
A section of DNA that determines a specific trait, such as eye color
Gene
Different forms
Of the same gene; for example, blue and brown are different alleles for eye color
Alleles
A trait that is expressed over another trait
Dominant
A trait that can be hidden by another trait
Recessive
The combination of alleles for a particular trait ( homozygous or heterozygous $
Genotype
Having two of the same alleles
Homozygous (or pure)
Having two different alleles for a trait
Heterozygous (or hybrid)
The physical characteristics of an organism that show how genes are exposed
Phenotype
A natural law explaining that alternative forms of a gene separate during the formation of gametes (sex cells); they do not mix to form a new trait
Law of Segregation
Crossing one trait from two parent organisms
Monohybrid
A diagram that shows all possible gene combinations for a cross
Pinned square
All chromosomes except sex chromosomes (X and Y)
Autosomes
Genetic disease that is carried by a gene on an Autosomes
Autosomal disease
A person who has one recessive gene for a recessive genetic disease; will not display symptoms of the disease but can pass on the gene to the offspring
Carrier
A genetic disease that causes the body to produce unusually thick sticky mucus; decreases life-expectancy
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic disease that causes the body where a person is born without the enzyme to break down and use phenylalanine, an essential amino acid
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Fatal genetic disease that causes fatty material to build up in the nerves and brain
Tay-Sachs
Studying two traits crossed from parent organisms
Dihybrid cross
A natural law that explains how traits are inherited independently of other traits
Law of Independent Assortment
Having alleles that do not have complete dominance so the resulting trait is a mix of two alternative traits; for example, red snapdragons crossed with white snapdragons produce pink snapdragons
Incomplete dominance
Having two or more alleles that are equally dominant for a trait so that both traits are expressed; for example, roam cattle have both red hair and white hair (not pink)
Codominance
A genetic disease caused by a codominant gene
Sickle cell anemia
A material law that explains how traits are inherited independently of other traits
Law of Independent Assortment
The one pair of X and Y chromosomes that determines gender
Sex chromosomes
Genes that are found on either the X or the Y sex chromosomes
Sex linked genes
A sex linked disorder that is carried on the C chromosome
Red green color blindness
A sex linked disease that is carried on the X chromosome
Hemophilia
A diagram used by geneticists to chart a trait from one generation to the other
Pedigree
An Austrian monk whose study of garden peas earned him the title Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
