Unit 10&11

Question 1

The study of heredity

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

A section of DNA that determines a specific trait, such as eye color

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

Different forms

Of the same gene; for example, blue and brown are different alleles for eye color

Answer 3

Alleles

Question 4

A trait that is expressed over another trait

Answer 4

Dominant

Question 5

A trait that can be hidden by another trait

Answer 5

Recessive

Question 6

The combination of alleles for a particular trait ( homozygous or heterozygous $

Answer 6

Genotype

Question 7

Having two of the same alleles

Answer 7

Homozygous (or pure)

Question 8

Having two different alleles for a trait

Answer 8

Heterozygous (or hybrid)

Question 9

The physical characteristics of an organism that show how genes are exposed

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

A natural law explaining that alternative forms of a gene separate during the formation of gametes (sex cells); they do not mix to form a new trait

Answer 10

Law of Segregation

Question 11

Crossing one trait from two parent organisms

Answer 11

Monohybrid

Question 12

A diagram that shows all possible gene combinations for a cross

Answer 12

Pinned square

Question 13

All chromosomes except sex chromosomes (X and Y)

Answer 13

Autosomes

Question 14

Genetic disease that is carried by a gene on an Autosomes

Answer 14

Autosomal disease

Question 15

A person who has one recessive gene for a recessive genetic disease; will not display symptoms of the disease but can pass on the gene to the offspring

Answer 15

Carrier

Question 16

A genetic disease that causes the body to produce unusually thick sticky mucus; decreases life-expectancy

Answer 16

Cystic fibrosis

Question 17

A genetic disease that causes the body where a person is born without the enzyme to break down and use phenylalanine, an essential amino acid

Answer 17

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 18

Fatal genetic disease that causes fatty material to build up in the nerves and brain

Answer 18

Tay-Sachs

Question 19

Studying two traits crossed from parent organisms

Answer 19

Dihybrid cross

Question 20

A natural law that explains how traits are inherited independently of other traits

Answer 20

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 21

Having alleles that do not have complete dominance so the resulting trait is a mix of two alternative traits; for example, red snapdragons crossed with white snapdragons produce pink snapdragons

Answer 21

Incomplete dominance

Question 22

Having two or more alleles that are equally dominant for a trait so that both traits are expressed; for example, roam cattle have both red hair and white hair (not pink)

Answer 22

Codominance

Question 23

A genetic disease caused by a codominant gene

Answer 23

Sickle cell anemia

Question 24

A material law that explains how traits are inherited independently of other traits

Answer 24

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 25

The one pair of X and Y chromosomes that determines gender

Answer 25

Sex chromosomes

Question 26

Genes that are found on either the X or the Y sex chromosomes

Answer 26

Sex linked genes

Question 27

A sex linked disorder that is carried on the C chromosome

Answer 27

Red green color blindness

Question 28

A sex linked disease that is carried on the X chromosome

Answer 28

Hemophilia

Question 29

A diagram used by geneticists to chart a trait from one generation to the other

Answer 29

Pedigree

Question 30

An Austrian monk whose study of garden peas earned him the title Father of Genetics

Answer 30

Gregor Mendel