Chapter 13&14 Flashcards
One of the first scientists to disprove spontaneous generation by showing that flies come from other flies.
Francesco Redi
Scientist who believed he proved spontaneous generation occurs for microorganisms but he didn’t realize that the microogranisms could be found in the air.
John Needman
The idea that living organisms are created from nonliving matter.
Spontaneous generation
Scientists who believed he disproved spontaneous generation by designing an experiment that kept heated broth from being re-contaminated by air.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Scientist who finally disproved spontaneous generation by designing an experiment that confirms that micro organisms can be found in the air
Louis Pastuer
A scientific law that states that living organisms only come from other living organisms
Biogenesis
Theory that states that organisms have changed gradually over a long period of time to form new organisms
Theory of evolution
The theory of evolution that states gradual changes in living organisms have resulted in more complex organisms
Organic evolution
Scientist who is credited with one of the first series of evolution; believed that organisms change over time from simple to more complex by passing on acquired traits to offspring
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
The father of evolution, who believed that a process called natural selection explains how organisms evolved over time
Charles Darwin
The idea that organisms better suited for their environment survive and reproduce
Natural selection
Scientist who believed human population growth would lead to poverty and famine
Thomas Mathlus
Geologist who believed that natural selection at the same time that Darwin was developing his theory.
Charles Lyell
Changes in the genetic code
Mutations
A recession of Darwin’s original theory of evolution to include modern genetics.
Neo-Darwinism
The combined ideas of Alexander Oparin and J.B.S Haldane
Oparin-Haldane hypothesis
Scientists who formed amino acids and other simple organic compounds in a laboratory experiment by reacting ammonia, methane, and hydrogen gases mixed with water vapor.
Stanley Miller/Harold Urey
Scientist who heated amino acids to form protein-like spheres
Sidney Fox
Existing without oxygen
Anaerobic
Unable to make food; requiring food from an outside source
Heterotrophic
A cell that contains no nucleus
Prokaryote
Able to make food from either the Suns energy or from other chemicals
Autotrophic
A cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
Theory that explains the Irgun or mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells
Endosymbiotic theory
A relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits
Symbiotic relationship
The branch of biology that classifies organisms into taxa (from kingdom to species)
Taxamony
The father of taxamony to classify organisms in groups within groups
Carl Linnaeus
The largest taxon that contains the greatest diversities of organisms
Kingdom
The smallest taxon; represents a group of organisms that can be interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Species
A system the names each organism by giving its genus and species
Binomial nomenclature
A system that names an organism by giving it’s genus and species followed by its subspecies or variety
Trinonial nomenclature
Scientist who came up with the theory of evolution by means of natural selection at the same time that Darwin was developing his theory
Alfred Russel Wallace
