Section 6&7 Flashcards
A barrier that separates a cell from its surroundings
Cell membrane
Molecules in a cell that contain genetic information
DNA
Simple cells that do not have a nucleus; this type of cell is found in bacteria
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that have a true nucleus and make up all other organisms other than bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
Long, hairlike filaments that some single-cel led organisms use to propel them forward
Flagella
Short, hairlike projection that some cells use for movement
Cilia
Cellulose structure that surrounds plant cells and gives them support and protection
Cell wall
A type of carbohydrate that is unique to plants; found in the cell walls of plants and is also called “fiber”
Cellulose
A large organelle in most plant cells that is filled mostly with water and helps to give the cell structural support
Vacuole
Organelles that are unique to plant cells (and some types of algae); used in photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
A process used by plants that convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen
Photosynthesis
The smallest unit of life
Cell
Process that creates different types of specialized cells
Cellular differentiation
A group of cells that work together to perform of function
Tissue
Different types of tissue that work together to perform a function
Organ
Different organs that work together to carry out a function
Organ system
The process of keeping the internal conditions in an organism stable
Homeostasis
The movement of materials into and out of cells
Cellular transport
The membrane that surrounds the contents of a cell and allows only certain things into and out of the cell only
Cell membrane
A property of cell membranes that allows certain things to cross but not to others
Selectively permeable
The smallest unit of life
Cell
The two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail that help to make up cell membranes
Phospholipid bilayer
Process such as endocytosis and exocytosis that require some of the cells energy
Active transport
Process such as osmosis and diffusion that do not require energy
Passive transport
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
A difference in the concentration of ions or other dissolved particles between two regions
Concentration gradient
The state of having equal concentrations
Equilibrium
The diffusion of molecules across a membrane through special proteins in the membrane
faciliated diffusion
Proteins present in the cell membrane that allows different types of substances to pass through the membrane
Transport proteins
The movement of water across a membrane
Osmosis
Dissolved particles
Solute
Having a higher solute concentration outside the cell and causing the cell to shrink
Hypertonic
Having a higher solute concentration inside the cell and causing the cell to swell
Hypotonic
Having equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell
Isotonic
A process that requires energy to move a substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
Active transport
A protein present in the cell membrane that helps to move materials into and out of the cell
Transport protein
Process used by cells to take in a large particles
Endocytosis
Process used by cells to release materials out of the cell
Exocytosis
