Unit C Section 1.4

Question 1

What is Passive uptake?

Answer 1

Passive uptake does not require the plant to use any energy.

It occurs through a process called diffusion.

Question 2

What is Diffusion?

Answer 2

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

The movement continues until the concentration of nutrients is the same both inside and outside the plant roots

Question 3

Diffusion in plants:

Answer 3

They move from the area of higher concentration outside the roots to the area of lower concentration within the roots.

The movement continues until the concentration of nutrients is the same both inside and outside
the plant roots

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Water moves into plant roots by a special type of diffusion called osmosis.

• water moves through the walls of the plant’s roots from an area where there are more water molecules to an area where there are fewer water molecules.
• draws water up from the roots.
• As the number of water molecules within the roots decrease, more water molecules move into the roots from the surrounding soil
• Passive uptake

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

• The concentrations of these nutrients may be higher in the roots than in the water in the surrounding soil.
• To maintain these high concentrations, The nutrients move from an area of lower concentration (soil) to one of higher concentration (roots).
• To move nutrients in this direction, plants use a process called active transport.
• active transport, plants must use energy to move the molecules of nutrients in the direction opposite to diffusion
• Active uptake / Impassive uptake

Question 6

ingestion

Answer 6

The process of taking food into our bodies is called ingestion.

must be broken down into smaller particles so our bodies can absorb the nutrients from it.

Question 7

What is the mechanical breakdown of food:

Answer 7

chewing food.

Question 8

What is the chemical breakdown of food:

Answer 8

-occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine
with the help of enzymes that speed up the chemical reactions.
-The breakdown or digestion of large organic molecules occurs by a process called hydrolysis

Question 9

What does hydrolysis mean?

Answer 9

“Hydro” refers to water and “lysis” means breakdown.

Food that is being broken down by the water

Question 10

What does hydrolyzed mean?

Answer 10

A substance that is broken down by hydrolysis has been hydrolyzed.
-EX. when you eat potatoes, the large starch molecules are hydrolyzed into double sugars called maltose, and then into single sugars called glucose.

Question 11

Breakdown of potatoes reaction formula:

Answer 11

maltose + water → glucose

Question 12

How are nutrients absorbed by animals?

Answer 12

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids are absorbed through cell membranes and into the bloodstream.
-The blood carries them to cells throughout the body where they are either used or stored.

Question 13

What is a substrate?

Answer 13

A substrate is a material on which an organism moves or lives.

Question 14

Where organisms live affects how and when they can obtain nutrients such as…….

Answer 14

-plants living in the north can obtain nutrients only during a short growing season.
-Plants in the desert often have methods to limit the
growth of other plants around them
-This reduces the competition for the limited nutrients available.

Question 15

Anemones

Answer 15

are animals that live attached to rocks in the ocean.

-They capture food with their tentacles.

Question 16

Lichens

Answer 16

They have been found in cold, dry valleys in Antarctica, as well as on bare rocks high in the mountains. Lichens are made up of fungi and algae living together.

Question 17

Bread mold

Answer 17

is a fungus that secretes digestive enzymes

The enzymes help break down the bread into
small molecules that can be absorbed into the fungal cells

Question 18

Plants and animals in deserts

Answer 18

are adapted to going for long periods without water.