Unit A Section 3.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Before genes were discovered, how did people avoid getting unwanted animal offspring?

A

only animals with the most desirable

characteristics, or traits, were allowed to reproduce

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2
Q

Were the experiments with breeding successfully?

A

-Mating champion males with champion females did not always produce champion dogs, horses, cattle, or cats.

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3
Q

What is a purebred?

A
  • an animal whose ancestors have produced only an offspring with a specific trait such as white fur
  • for several generations
  • The term “true-breeding” is applied to such a lineage
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4
Q

What is a hybrid?

A

An individual produced by crossing two purebred parents that differ in a trait such as coat colour is known as a hybrid

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5
Q

What is a dominant trait/allele?

A

A trait or allele that is expressed when present.

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6
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

A recessive allele or trait is an allele that is not expressed when present.

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7
Q

How is there a chance for a recessive allele to be expressed?

A
  • A recessive trait appears in the offspring only if two recessive alleles are inherited.
  • In contrast, even one dominant allele will cause the dominant trait to appear.
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8
Q

How are chromosomes inherited?

A

-In sexual reproduction, chromosomes are inherited
in pairs: one from each parent
-In an offspring, the combination of alleles carried on the chromosomes determines what the offspring is like

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9
Q

What is Incomplete Dominance?

A

the dominant allele does not dominate the recessive allele entirely; rather, an intermediate trait appears in the offspring.

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10
Q

What if the baby does not have the eye color or any other feature that matches any of the two parents?

A
  • eye color was determined by just one pair of alleles at a single gene location
  • a baby’s different eye color was caused by two recessive alleles: one from each parent.
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11
Q

What is “codominance.”

A

Another pattern of inheritance is called “codominance.”

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