Unit C Section 1.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Composition of the human body:

A

water, proteins, fats, sugars, starch, DNA, minerals, vitamins, salts, acids, and bases

Our bodies need about 25 elements for normal growth

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2
Q

Elements together make up the complex molecules that form:

A

sugar, starch, fat, oil, wax, and proteins.

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3
Q

Why are complex molecules called ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?

A

Because these complex molecules contain carbon,

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4
Q

What are inorganic compounds:

A

Substances that do not contain carbon

ex.Baking soda and the mineral quartz

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5
Q

Characteristics of organic molecules :

A

Organic molecules can be very large and complex.

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6
Q

Nutrients

A

Nutrients are elements and compounds that organisms need for living, growing, and reproducing.

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7
Q

What nutrients do plants obtain?

A
  • Plants obtain the nutrients carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water.
  • They obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur from the soil.
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8
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Nutrients that are needed in large amounts

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9
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Nutrients in which small amounts are needed

-Elements such as selenium are also essential for plant and animal but it is needed in small amounts

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10
Q

Importance of Nitrogen (N):

Plants

A
  • Composition of proteins and chlorophyll

* Leaf and stem growth

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11
Q

Importance of Phosphorous (P):

Plants

A
  • Root and flower growth

* Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

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12
Q

Importance of Potassium (K):

Plants

A
  • Stimulation of early growth
  • Starch and protein production and sugar movement
  • Disease resistance
  • Chlorophyll production and tuber formation
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13
Q

Importance of Magnesium (Mg):

Plants

A
  • Composition of chlorophyll structure

* Photosynthesis

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14
Q

Importance of Calcium (Ca):

Plants

A
  • Cell wall structure

* Cell division

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15
Q

Importance of Sulfur (S):

Plants

A

• Production of fruits and grains

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16
Q

Importance of Nitrogen (N):

Animals

A
  • Composition of proteins and nucleic acids found in all cells
  • Growth and repair of tissues
  • Composition of bones, teeth, and
17
Q

Importance of Phosphorous (P):

Animals

A
  • Composition of bones, teeth, and DNA

* Many metabolic reactions

18
Q

Importance of Potassium (K):

Animals

A

• Muscle contraction and nerve impulses

19
Q

Importance of Magnesium (Mg):

Animals

A
  • Composition of bones and teeth

* Absorption of calcium and potassium

20
Q

Importance of Calcium (Ca):

Animals

A
  • Composition of bones and teeth
  • Blood clotting
  • Muscle and nerve function
21
Q

Importance of Sulfur (S):

Animals

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Enzyme activation
  • Detoxification
22
Q

optimum amounts

A

Just the right amount (not too much or less)

The optimum amount of a substance is the amount
that provides an organism with the best health

23
Q

selenium

A

The micronutrient selenium is an element that is required in trace amounts in your diet. Too much of it can cause harmful health effects,

For humans, at least 70 g
(micrograms) of selenium per day is recommended.

24
Q

Four important classes of organic compounds are:

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

25
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • Carbohydrates are organic molecules
  • made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  • can form simple molecules, such as sugar,
  • or large, complex molecules, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
  • food such as pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits, and bread
26
Q

What is Glucose?

A

Glucose is the simple sugar made by green plants in photosynthesis

-The atoms in a molecule of glucose usually join together to form a six-sided figure

-Complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, starch, and glycogen are composed of many glucose molecules
joined together

27
Q

Lipids

A
  • Fats, oils, and waxes are lipid
  • composed of many carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
  • Both animals and plants produce lipids
  • our skin produces oils
  • our bodies store food in the form of fat
  • Plant products such as canola seeds, corn, peanuts, soybeans, walnuts, and cashews contain large amounts of oils
  • A fat molecule is made up of three chains of fatty acids connected to one molecule of a compound called glycerol.
28
Q

Proteins and Amino Acids

A

-A protein is an organic compound made up of units called amino acids
-In general, a protein contains between 40 and 500 amino acid units
-Foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy
-They are used by organisms for growth and repair and as a source of energy
-They are the main component of enzymes.
-Twenty different kinds of amino acids are common
in protein molecules.
-Green plants convert glucose into amino acids.

29
Q

enzymes

A

enzymes are catalysts that control

chemical reactions in organisms.

30
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

-Nucleic acids are the largest and most complicated molecules found in living things.

-All cells contain two important nucleic acids,
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 
ribonucleic acid (RNA

-DNA and RNA are made up of three substances:
phosphates,
a simple sugar called ribose,
and nitrogen-containing molecules.

Nucleic acids play a major role in heredity and in controlling a cell’s activities.

31
Q

What is Passive uptake?

A

Passive uptake does not require the plant to use any energy.

It occurs through a process called diffusion.