Unit C Section 1.3

Question 1

Composition of the human body:

Answer 1

water, proteins, fats, sugars, starch, DNA, minerals, vitamins, salts, acids, and bases

Our bodies need about 25 elements for normal growth

Question 2

Elements together make up the complex molecules that form:

Answer 2

sugar, starch, fat, oil, wax, and proteins.

Question 3

Why are complex molecules called ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?

Answer 3

Because these complex molecules contain carbon,

Question 4

What are inorganic compounds:

Answer 4

Substances that do not contain carbon

ex.Baking soda and the mineral quartz

Question 5

Characteristics of organic molecules :

Answer 5

Organic molecules can be very large and complex.

Question 6

Nutrients

Answer 6

Nutrients are elements and compounds that organisms need for living, growing, and reproducing.

Question 7

What nutrients do plants obtain?

Answer 7

• Plants obtain the nutrients carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water.
• They obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur from the soil.

Question 8

What are macronutrients?

Answer 8

Nutrients that are needed in large amounts

Question 9

What are micronutrients?

Answer 9

Nutrients in which small amounts are needed

-Elements such as selenium are also essential for plant and animal but it is needed in small amounts

Question 10

Importance of Nitrogen (N):

Plants

Answer 10

• Composition of proteins and chlorophyll

* Leaf and stem growth

Question 11

Importance of Phosphorous (P):

Plants

Answer 11

• Root and flower growth

* Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 12

Importance of Potassium (K):

Plants

Answer 12

• Stimulation of early growth
• Starch and protein production and sugar movement
• Disease resistance
• Chlorophyll production and tuber formation

Question 13

Importance of Magnesium (Mg):

Plants

Answer 13

• Composition of chlorophyll structure

* Photosynthesis

Question 14

Importance of Calcium (Ca):

Plants

Answer 14

• Cell wall structure

* Cell division

Question 15

Importance of Sulfur (S):

Plants

Answer 15

• Production of fruits and grains

Question 16

Importance of Nitrogen (N):

Animals

Answer 16

• Composition of proteins and nucleic acids found in all cells
• Growth and repair of tissues
• Composition of bones, teeth, and

Question 17

Importance of Phosphorous (P):

Animals

Answer 17

• Composition of bones, teeth, and DNA

* Many metabolic reactions

Question 18

Importance of Potassium (K):

Animals

Answer 18

• Muscle contraction and nerve impulses

Question 19

Importance of Magnesium (Mg):

Animals

Answer 19

• Composition of bones and teeth

* Absorption of calcium and potassium

Question 20

Importance of Calcium (Ca):

Animals

Answer 20

• Composition of bones and teeth
• Blood clotting
• Muscle and nerve function

Question 21

Importance of Sulfur (S):

Animals

Answer 21

• Protein synthesis
• Enzyme activation
• Detoxification

Question 22

optimum amounts

Answer 22

Just the right amount (not too much or less)

The optimum amount of a substance is the amount
that provides an organism with the best health

Question 23

selenium

Answer 23

The micronutrient selenium is an element that is required in trace amounts in your diet. Too much of it can cause harmful health effects,

For humans, at least 70 g
(micrograms) of selenium per day is recommended.

Question 24

Four important classes of organic compounds are:

Answer 24

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 25

Carbohydrates

Answer 25

• Carbohydrates are organic molecules
• made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• can form simple molecules, such as sugar,
• or large, complex molecules, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
• food such as pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits, and bread

Question 26

What is Glucose?

Answer 26

Glucose is the simple sugar made by green plants in photosynthesis

-The atoms in a molecule of glucose usually join together to form a six-sided figure

-Complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, starch, and glycogen are composed of many glucose molecules
joined together

Question 27

Lipids

Answer 27

• Fats, oils, and waxes are lipid
• composed of many carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• Both animals and plants produce lipids
• our skin produces oils
• our bodies store food in the form of fat
• Plant products such as canola seeds, corn, peanuts, soybeans, walnuts, and cashews contain large amounts of oils
• A fat molecule is made up of three chains of fatty acids connected to one molecule of a compound called glycerol.

Question 28

Proteins and Amino Acids

Answer 28

-A protein is an organic compound made up of units called amino acids
-In general, a protein contains between 40 and 500 amino acid units
-Foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy
-They are used by organisms for growth and repair and as a source of energy
-They are the main component of enzymes.
-Twenty different kinds of amino acids are common
in protein molecules.
-Green plants convert glucose into amino acids.

Question 29

enzymes

Answer 29

enzymes are catalysts that control

chemical reactions in organisms.

Question 30

Nucleic Acids

Answer 30

-Nucleic acids are the largest and most complicated molecules found in living things.

-All cells contain two important nucleic acids,
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 
ribonucleic acid (RNA

-DNA and RNA are made up of three substances:
phosphates,
a simple sugar called ribose,
and nitrogen-containing molecules.

Nucleic acids play a major role in heredity and in controlling a cell’s activities.

Question 31

What is Passive uptake?

Answer 31

Passive uptake does not require the plant to use any energy.

It occurs through a process called diffusion.