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biology 20 > unit c - digestive system > Flashcards

unit c - digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

produced in the pancreas
found in the galbladder
active in the duodeum
-helps the body break down the fats in food, so the intestines can absorb them

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2
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

produced and stored in the pancreas
active in the stomach
-helps break down carbohydrates and startches

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3
Q

trypsin

A

produced in the pancreas
stored and active in the small intestine
-helps digest proteins

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4
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

produced, stored and active in the stomach, by small glands
-part of your stomach acid, breaks down the food in stomach
digestive enzymes split up proteins

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5
Q

amylase

A

produced in the salivary glands
moved by the pancreas to be stored in the small intestine
-breaks bonds in startches, polysaccharides and compact carbohydrates to transform them into absorbable sugars

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6
Q

disaccharidase

A

prodcued and stored in the walls of the small intestine
active in the large and small intestine
-breaks down complex sugars into simple sugars

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7
Q

bile

A 
EMULSIFIER
produced in the liver
stored in the gallbladder
active in the stomach
-breaks down large pieces of fats so they have more surface area to continue being broken down (for lipase to function)`
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8
Q

pepsin

A

produced in the stomach cells, in pepsinogen form
transformed into pepsin in the stomach acid
active in the stomach
-breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides

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9
Q

pepsinogen

A

the form of pepsin in our stomach cells, that is transformed just when our body needs it
-pepsinogen would eventually start eating ourselves alive

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10
Q

mucus

A

SECRETION
produced in the gasteral track, mouth and nose
stored in nose and throat
active in mouth, lungs, stomach
acts as a protectant and moisturizing layer to keep organs from drying out

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11
Q

erepsins

A

produced in the small intestine and pancreas
stored in protein fractions
active within the final section of the small intestine
breaks bonds between proteins releasing individual amino acids

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12
Q

appendix

A

is a thin tube attached to the large intestine

-helps with childrens immune system

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13
Q

pharynx

A

part of the the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity

-tubes going down to the stomach and lungs

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14
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of tissue at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into your lungs while swallowing

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15
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach

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16
Q

hormones

A

chemicals released by cells in one part of the body, that affect other cells

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17
Q

gastric juices

A

HCL, pepsin and lipase mixture found in the stomach lining, it is meant to kill microorganisms swallowed and protect the body

18
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ used to store food from the esophagus

-holds acid and enzymes to break down food

19
Q

lower esophogal sphincter

A

where food enters the stomach, it is a muscular valve

20
Q

duodenum

A

the first part of the small intestine, begins the intake of nutrients

21
Q

esophagus

A

long tube, that is contracting (undulating) as it swallows the food

22
Q

lacteal

A

part of the lymphatic system, found in the villi that transports the products of fat digestion to the circulatory system

23
Q

prosecretin

A

precursor to secretin, which is present in digestion

24
Q

secretin

A

hormone released from the duoduem that stimulates pancreatic and bile secretions

25
Q

HCO3

A

product of the bodys metabolism, regulates the bodys pH or acid balance

26
Q

Enteropeptidase (enterokinase)

A

enzymes produced by the duodenum, that converts trypinsogen to trypsin

27
Q

trypinsogen

A

produced in the pancreas, precursor to trypsin

28
Q

trypsin

A

protein digesting enzyme

29
Q

erepsins

A

an enzyme that completes protein digestion by converting short-chain peptides to amino acids

30
Q

pancreas

A

digests food, and manages your use for sugar for energy after digestion

31
Q

liver

A

creates bile and detoxifies many substances in the body

32
Q

bile salts

A

aids in fat digestion

33
Q

gallbladder

A

where bile is stored,

34
Q

CCK

A

hormone secreted by the small intestine that stimulates the release of bile salts

35
Q

gastrin

A

hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the release of HCL

36
Q

enterogastrone

A

hormone secreted by the small intestine that decreases gastric secretions and motility

37
Q

villi

A

fingerlike protrusions that hold lots of surface area to absorb nutrients

38
Q

hormones

A

chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body

39
Q

amino acids

A

chemical that contains nitrogen, can be linked together to form proteins

40
Q

peristalsis

A

series of muscle contractions that move food down/along

biology 20 (10 decks)

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