unit c - digestive system Flashcards
pancreatic lipase
produced in the pancreas
found in the galbladder
active in the duodeum
-helps the body break down the fats in food, so the intestines can absorb them
pancreatic amylase
produced and stored in the pancreas
active in the stomach
-helps break down carbohydrates and startches
trypsin
produced in the pancreas
stored and active in the small intestine
-helps digest proteins
hydrochloric acid
produced, stored and active in the stomach, by small glands
-part of your stomach acid, breaks down the food in stomach
digestive enzymes split up proteins
amylase
produced in the salivary glands
moved by the pancreas to be stored in the small intestine
-breaks bonds in startches, polysaccharides and compact carbohydrates to transform them into absorbable sugars
disaccharidase
prodcued and stored in the walls of the small intestine
active in the large and small intestine
-breaks down complex sugars into simple sugars
bile
EMULSIFIER produced in the liver stored in the gallbladder active in the stomach -breaks down large pieces of fats so they have more surface area to continue being broken down (for lipase to function)`
pepsin
produced in the stomach cells, in pepsinogen form
transformed into pepsin in the stomach acid
active in the stomach
-breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides
pepsinogen
the form of pepsin in our stomach cells, that is transformed just when our body needs it
-pepsinogen would eventually start eating ourselves alive
mucus
SECRETION
produced in the gasteral track, mouth and nose
stored in nose and throat
active in mouth, lungs, stomach
acts as a protectant and moisturizing layer to keep organs from drying out
erepsins
produced in the small intestine and pancreas
stored in protein fractions
active within the final section of the small intestine
breaks bonds between proteins releasing individual amino acids
appendix
is a thin tube attached to the large intestine
-helps with childrens immune system
pharynx
part of the the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity
-tubes going down to the stomach and lungs
epiglottis
flap of tissue at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into your lungs while swallowing
esophagus
muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach
hormones
chemicals released by cells in one part of the body, that affect other cells
gastric juices
HCL, pepsin and lipase mixture found in the stomach lining, it is meant to kill microorganisms swallowed and protect the body
stomach
muscular organ used to store food from the esophagus
-holds acid and enzymes to break down food
lower esophogal sphincter
where food enters the stomach, it is a muscular valve
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine, begins the intake of nutrients
esophagus
long tube, that is contracting (undulating) as it swallows the food
lacteal
part of the lymphatic system, found in the villi that transports the products of fat digestion to the circulatory system
prosecretin
precursor to secretin, which is present in digestion
secretin
hormone released from the duoduem that stimulates pancreatic and bile secretions
HCO3
product of the bodys metabolism, regulates the bodys pH or acid balance
Enteropeptidase (enterokinase)
enzymes produced by the duodenum, that converts trypinsogen to trypsin
trypinsogen
produced in the pancreas, precursor to trypsin
trypsin
protein digesting enzyme
erepsins
an enzyme that completes protein digestion by converting short-chain peptides to amino acids
pancreas
digests food, and manages your use for sugar for energy after digestion
liver
creates bile and detoxifies many substances in the body
bile salts
aids in fat digestion
gallbladder
where bile is stored,
CCK
hormone secreted by the small intestine that stimulates the release of bile salts
gastrin
hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the release of HCL
enterogastrone
hormone secreted by the small intestine that decreases gastric secretions and motility
villi
fingerlike protrusions that hold lots of surface area to absorb nutrients
hormones
chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body
amino acids
chemical that contains nitrogen, can be linked together to form proteins
peristalsis
series of muscle contractions that move food down/along
