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biology 20 > unit B > Flashcards

unit B Flashcards

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1
Q

tropical rainforest

A

20-25 degrees C
100-200 inches of precipitation
dominant vegetation : vines, orchids, palm trees
dominant animals: monkeys, insects parrots frogs

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2
Q

tundra

A

20 cm precipitation
-15°c to 5°c
plants have short life cycle
hours of sunlight varies

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3
Q

taiga

A

40-100cm (mostly snow)
4°c to 14°c
large conifer trees, mostly snow, birds migrate
animals hibernate

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4
Q

grassland

A 
25-57cm
4°c to 30°c
lots of food
few trees
includes prairie and savannah
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5
Q

rainforest

A

> 200cm
25°c to 30°c
vines, big trees, monkeys,
most diverse biome

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6
Q

deciduous trees

A

75-150cm,
14°c to 27°c
trees loose leaves in fall
distinct summer and winter seasons

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7
Q

desert

A

<25cm
12° -27°
very little plant life
night time is cool compared to the day

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8
Q

biomes

A

the worlds major communities classified according to the predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment

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9
Q

south equator grassland is

A

savannah

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10
Q

fastest changing biome

A

tundra

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11
Q

fastest changing biome

A

tundra

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12
Q

how do most animals obtain nutrients and energy

A

eating plants or other animals

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13
Q

area with the warmest climate

A

rainforest

the desert is cool during the night, so that brings down the average temperature

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14
Q

biome with least amount of precipitation

A

tundra

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15
Q

temperature greatest to least

A

Rainforest, desert, grassland, deciduous forest, taiga, tundra

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16
Q

temperature greatest to least

A

Rainforest, desert, grassland, deciduous forest, taiga, tundra

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17
Q

invasive species

A

a species that is not native to a specific area, but is very well adapted to a particular niche

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18
Q

invasive species

A

a species that is not native to a specific area, but is very well adapted to a particular niche

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19
Q

native species

A

a species that originates and has developed in a specific area

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20
Q

ecological niche

A

Role for an organism in an ecosystem, that allows it to be sustainable

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21
Q

why are invasive species so dangerous

A

Invasive species throw off the natural harmony that exists in an ecosystem, buy creating competition for food and space, and attracting even more invasive species along with them

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22
Q

higher ecological niche means …

A

higher biodiversity

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23
Q

ecotone

A

overlapping area between 2 ecosystems
transitional area
-act as a buffer or protection

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24
Q

example of an ecotone

A

wetlands, act as a buffer to a river or body of water, filtering and stopping all bad chemicals

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25
Q

lake zones

A 
LLPB
littoral
limnetic
profoundal
benthos
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26
Q

littoral

A

shoreline, where the water reaches the bank

-holds the most plantlife (seaweed) due to high sunlight penetration

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27
Q

limnetic

A

slightly deeper, open water

-slight sunlight, with lots of algae

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28
Q

profundal

A

area beneath limnetic, no sunlight reaches

-no plants, no sunlight

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29
Q

benthos

A

bottom of the lake, no vegetation

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30
Q

lake stratification

A

layers based on temperature, top down

-depends on seasons

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31
Q

epilimnion (lake stratification)

A

very warm in summer, very cold in the winter

-top! epic!

32
Q

thermocline (lake stratification)

A

transitional area, changes in temperature from top zone to bottom

33
Q

hypolimmion (lake stratification)

A

cold in summer, warmer in winter

-very bottom of the lake

34
Q

common factors of water quality

A
  • chemicals
  • temperature
  • sunlight
  • water pressure
35
Q

what does water quality determine

A

what can all exist in the water

-amounts of vegetation and organisms

36
Q

physical properties of ‘good’ water

A

biological diversity, water movement, clear and cold

37
Q

ways to test water quality

A
  • pH
  • oxygen levels
  • turbidity
  • temperature
  • nitrates
  • bioindicators
38
Q

dissolved oxygen

A

above 8ppm is good, the higher the better

-most important thing for good water quality

39
Q

eutrophication

A

process when oligtrophic turns inot a eutrophic lake
“death of a lake”
-due to addition phosphates and nitrates

40
Q

pH (water quality)

A

determines what can survive

-having a pH of 7 is ideal, anything higher or lower is too acidic or basic for life

41
Q

coliform bacteria

A

high coliform means there is sewage problem inside the lake, pollution and bacteria
(poor water quality)

42
Q

high temperature means,,

A

low dissolved oxygen

43
Q

BOD (biological oxygen demand)

A

the amount of dissolved oxygen used by decomposers

high BOD - probably a highly populated and diverse lake, means there is less dissolved oxygen for other organisms

44
Q

turbidity

A

clearness in the water of lakes

high turbidity - unclean water, less access to sunlight, warmer water conditions, allows shelter for pathogen

45
Q

temperature

A

low dissolved oxygen, and high turbidity

-less life can survive in warmer water

46
Q

nitrates and phosphates

A

too much of nitrates and phosphates means an out of control plant life, which leads to high levels of BOD
-at some point there will be a water quality problem, just not right away

47
Q

bioindicators

A

number and variety of organisms

-certain sensitive organisms that only exist in very good water quality

48
Q

water movement

A

the more movement in water the better, as it allows for oxygen to be dissolved easier into water

49
Q

difference in water during the day and night

A

more oxygen in the day, due to sunlight and photosynthesis

less oxygen during the night, as plants go through respiration

50
Q

in clean water (pop vs variety)

A

population is high

variety is low

51
Q

eutrophic lake

A

common in alberta, shallow murky water

-lots of sediment buildup, warmer and more plant life

52
Q

increase in temperature means

A

decrease in density

53
Q

density water exception

A

water has different density properties

-gets warmer particles speed up getting further and further away

54
Q

importance of water density

A

as water freezes top down, fish are able to survive underneath the top layer of ice

55
Q

lake turnover takes place at

A

4 degrees celcius (highest density of water)

56
Q

litter

A

the top layer of soil, composed of decomposed grass and leaves

57
Q

topsoil

A

very rich, containing organic soil

  • allows plants to grow
  • soil beneath the litter
58
Q

subsoil

A

not great for growing, filled with clay and rocks

59
Q

bedrock

A

very deep down depending on location

  • very strong
  • useful for house foundations
60
Q

humus

A

specfically the organic compound of soil, formed with decomposed things

61
Q

permafrost

A

frozen soil

-frozen all the time

62
Q

muskeg

A

in the taiga biome

63
Q

climatographs

A

average temperature and precipitation

-determines what grows and lives

64
Q

canopy

A

top layer of vegetation in a forest

65
Q

understory

A

below the canopy layer

-shrubs and small trees

66
Q

climatograph of biomes

A

temperature and precipatation

-gives a range of the average (no months involved)

67
Q

scale of classification

A

individual -> species -> population -> community -> ecosystem -> biome -> biosphere

68
Q

species

A

all individuals that can interbreed naturally to produce fertile offspring

69
Q

habitat

A

enviroment/place where organisms grow

70
Q

abiotic factors

A

sunlight, pH, water

71
Q

biotic factors

A

competition, disease

72
Q

estuary

A

area where fresh water and salt water meet

73
Q

rescource partitioning

A

multiple similar species sharing a niche

  • able to ‘work it out’ and function together
  • avoids competition
74
Q

hypolimnion

A

lower level of stratification, which remans cool year round

75
Q

watershed

A

area of land that seperates water flowing to different bodies of water

biology 20 (10 decks)

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