Unit 9 - Transport in animals Flashcards
Arteries
- High pressure blood flow because of contraction of muscular ventricles
- Elastic tissue that responds to rhythmic changes in blood pressure
3 types of blood vessels
Arteries, veins, capillaries
Veins
- Blood enters veins after leaving capillaries
- pressure of blood is much lower, blood flows smoothly and slowly
- Thin walls, large lumen
- Valves to prevent back flow
Capillaries
- Need constant supply of nutrients & oxygen
- Exchange via diffusion happens due to very thin walls
- No cell in the body is more than 3-4 cells from a capillary
Blood vessels in the heart
- Pulmonary vein - Heart to Lungs
- Vena Cava - Body to Heart
- Aorta - Heart to body
- Pulmonary artery - Lungs to Heart
Blood vessels in the Lungs
- Pulmonary vein - Heart to Lungs
- Pulmonary artery - Lungs to Heart
Blood vessels in the kidneys
- Renal Artery - Heart to Kidneys
- Renal Vein - Kidneys to Heart
Blood vessels in the liver
- Hepatic artery - Heart to liver
- Hepatic vein - Liver to Heart
- Hepatic portal vein - Stomach and intestines to liver
Function of hemoglobin
Binds to oxygen in transportation, gives red blood cells their color
Types of white blood cells
Phagocytes and lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Engulf and surround non-self cells and break them down using enzymes - phagocytosis
Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies that attach to antigen varied by disease-causing organisms
Stages of blood clotting
1.Plasma contains soluble protein - fibrinogen
2.Fibrinogen circulates body in inactive form
3.Substance released by platelets at injury site convert soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
4.Fibrin comes together in threads to form a mesh around site of injury
5.Mesh traps blood cells & platelets, forms a blood clot
6.Blood cloth dries - scab forms
