Unit 2 - Organization of the organism Flashcards
Common cell features in plants & animals
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA
Cytoplasm
Site of most chemical reactions in the cell
Nucleus
Contains cell’s DNA (genetic code), controls activities of the cell and cell division
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Produces the necessary energy for the cell’s survival and functioning by breaking glucose down into ATP
Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy - glucose, site of photosynthesis
Cell membrane
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, partially permeable membrane which allows some substances to pass
Vacuoles
Helps the cell to stay rigid, substances can be stored inside them
Cell wall
Provides shape to support the cell and prevents it from bursting to water
Root hair cell
- Absorbs water and dissolved mineral ions from the soil
- Has a finger-like extension to provide a large surface area to volume ratio for absorption to happen
Palisade Mesophyll
- Photosynthesis in the leaves
- Contains many chloroplasts, tall box shape to absorb a lot of light passing through
Ciliated epithelial cells
- Moving mucus in the trachea and bronchia of the lungs
- Moves the ovum and zygote down the fallopian tube
- Hair-like extensions on the cells, constantly sweep mucus
Neurone
- Conducts electrical impulses to different parts of the body
- Axon is long to conduct impulses to distant parts of the body
Red Blood Cell
- Transports oxygen around the body
- Contains hemoglobin, no nucleus to increase volume of hemoglobin
- Biconcave shape to increase surface area to volume ration for absorption to happen
Egg cell
- Sexual reproduction (female gamete)
- Cytoplasm has yolk as food store for individual during first stages of development
