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Biology IGCSE > Unit 6 - Plant nutrition > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Plant nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

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2
Q

Chlorophyll

A
  • Green pigment present in the chloroplasts of plant cells
  • Absorbs light energy
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3
Q

Uses of carbohydrates in plants

A
  • Energy source - some glucose produced by photosynthesis is broken down in respiration for energy
  • Storage - converted to sucrose for root growth and transported in phloem to the plant or converted to starch for storage
  • Structural support - glucose converted into cellulose
  • Assist pollination - glucose used to make nectar which attracts animals
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4
Q

Use of magnesium ions in plants

A
  • At the centre of each chlorophyll molecule - needed for correct function
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5
Q

Use of nitrate ions in plants

A
  • Making amino acids - make proteins
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6
Q

Limiting factor

A

A factor that prevents a rate from increasing

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7
Q

Factors that affect photosynthesis

A
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Temperature
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8
Q

Leaf adaptations

A
  • Large surface area - exposes larger area to sunlight and air which helps ease absorption of materials
  • Thin - ensures carbon dioxide can diffuse quickly and helps light penetrate easily
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9
Q

Structures of a leaf cell

A
  • Cuticle
  • Chloroplasts
  • Upper epidermis
  • Palisade mesophyll layer
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
  • Vascular bundle
  • Lower epidermis
  • Guard cell
  • Stomata
  • Air spaces
  • Spongy mesophyll
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10
Q

Cuticle function & adaptation

A
  • Stops water from evaporating from the leaf
  • Waxy layer
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11
Q

Chloroplast function & adaptation

A
  • Site of photosynthesis
  • Contains chlorophyll to absorb light and enzymes and structures needed for photosynthesis
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12
Q

Upper epidermis function & adaptation

A
  • Protects the inner cells
  • Thin layer without chloroplasts to let light pass through for photosynthesis
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13
Q

Palisade mesophyll layer function & adaptation

A
  • Tissue in which photosynthesis happens
  • Box-shaped cells that pack closely - lots of chloroplasts pushed to edges of cell by large vacuole to absorb more light
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14
Q

Xylem function & adaptation

A
  • Carries water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves
  • Made from dead cells to form a hollow waterproof tube for water
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15
Q

Phloem function & adaptation

A
  • Carries sucrose away from the leaf
  • Consists of sieve tubes and companion cells to provide energy for transport
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16
Q

Vascular bundle function

A
  • Contain the xylem and phloem tissues
17
Q

Lower epidermis function & adaptation

A
  • Protects the inner cells
  • Thin layer that has no chloroplasts (except guard cells) to let light pass through for photosynthesis
18
Q

Guard cell function & adaptation

A
  • Work in pairs to control the size of stomata opening
  • Entry and loss of water from guard cells results in change of shape - leads to opening and closing of stomata
19
Q

Stomata function & adaptation

A
  • Controls the diffusion of water vapor and gases in and out of the leaf
  • The size of the opening changes in response to the internal and external environments of the plant
20
Q

Air spaces function

A
  • Allow diffusion of gases throughout the leaf
21
Q

Spongy mesophyll function & adaptation

A
  • Site of gas exchange
  • Cells are loosely spaced, creating air spaces to allow diffusion of gases throughout the leaf
22
Q

Hydrogencarbonate indicator colors

A
  • Low levels of CO2 - red–> purple
  • High levels of CO2 - red –> yellow
23
Q

Use of lipids in plants

A
  • Energy source in seeds
  • Synthesis of new cellular material - membranes
24
Q

Use of amino acids in plants

A

Make proteins to facilitate growth

25
Q

Elements in amino acids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
26
Q

Plants with nitrate deficiency

A
  • Stunted growth
  • Yellowing of leaves
27
Q

Starch test procedures

A
  • Boiling leaf at start - kill cells and break down cell membranes
  • Heating ethanol in a water bath - to avoid ethanol catching on fire since it is flammable
28
Q

Plants with magnesium deficiency

A
  • Yellowing of leaves

Biology IGCSE (21 decks)

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