Unit 3 - Movement into and out of cells

Question 1

Difference in concentration

Answer 1

Concentration gradient

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration an an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient due to random movement

Question 3

Type of cell membrane needed for diffusion

Answer 3

A permeable cell membrane

Question 4

When concentration of areas is equal

Answer 4

Equilibrium

Question 5

Type of energy needed for diffusion

Answer 5

Kinetic energy

Question 6

Factors that can increase rate of diffusion

Answer 6

• Temperature increase
• Distance decrease
• Surface area increase
• Concentration gradient increase
• Mass of molecule decrease

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

The diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane

Question 8

Solvent

Answer 8

Substance that is able to dissolve other substances to form a solution

Question 9

Solute

Answer 9

The substance in a solution that is dissolved by the solvent

Question 10

Dilute solution

Answer 10

Little dissolves solute compared to solvent

Question 11

Concentrated solution

Answer 11

Lots of dissolved solute in comparison to solvent

Question 12

Water potential

Answer 12

Measure of how freely water molecules can move

Question 13

When concentration of a solution increases

Answer 13

Water potential decreases

Question 14

Hypotonic solution

Answer 14

More solvent than solute - causes cells to swell or become turgid

Question 15

Isotonic solution

Answer 15

Equal amounts of solute and solvent - causes a cell to be flaccid

Question 16

Hypertonic solution

Answer 16

More solute than solvent - Causes a cell to plasmolyze - cytoplasm shrinks, cell membrane pulls away from cell well

Question 17

Active transport

Answer 17

The movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy released from respiration

Question 18

How active transport works

Answer 18

Carrier proteins in the cell membrane can change shape to pick up substances the cell needs using energy from respiration

Question 19

Example of active transport

Answer 19

Nitrate ions moving into a root hair cell