Unit 9 - Mental Health Flashcards
what are the main aspects of mental wellness
emotional and psychological health; accurate view of reality; ability to respond to life challenges and to develop rational strategies for living
what does emotional health include
your feelings and mood
what does your psychological health include
your thoughts
what is the Maslow pyramid
a new ideal of mental health that encouraged individuals to fulfill their potential
what is the hierarchy described by the Maslow pyramid
physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self esteem, and self-actualization
who created the Maslow pyramid
Abraham Maslow
what are some qualities of a mentally healthy person
perceives reality as it is; establishes and maintains close relationships; carries out responsibilities; and feels a sense of fulfilment in daily living
what is a mental disorder
a persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour, thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment
what has mental disorder often been conceptualized as
a result o religious or supernatural forces
how many Canadians face mental health issues
1 in 5
what is general anxiety disorder
chronic, irrational worry about daily events
what are the symptoms of general anxiety disorder
extreme agitation, fatigue, feelings of sadness and depression; nausea, trembling, muscle tension, and headache
what are the treatments for generalized anxiety disorder
therapy, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants
what defines obsessive compulsive disorder
obsessions, compulsion, and rituals
what are the treatments for OCD
CBT, and antidepressants
what is a panic disorder
recurrent panic attacks without warning
what are symptoms of a panic disorder
chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and feeling of impending doom
what are the treatments for panic disorder
CBT, and anti-anxiety drugs
what is agoraphobia
a type of panic disorder that involves individual avoiding social situations
what is a phobia
marked, persistent, excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations
what is anhedonia
loss enjoyment of usual activities
what is associated with depressive disorders
an imbalance of neurotransmitters
what are depressive symptoms
disturbed sleep; changes in eating patterns; feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and extreme guilt; restlessness or fatigue
what is bipolar disorder
periods of depression, followed by mania
what does a manic episode include
extreme euphoria, rapid speech, lack of need to sleep, and grandiosity
what are the treatments for bipolar disorder
CBT; lithium carbonate; anticonvulsants, and tranquilizers
how does Prozac work
it increases the levels of serotonin by slowing the reabsorption or reuptake of serotonin
what are positive symptoms
symptoms present that should be absent
what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and grossly disorganized behaviour
what are negative symptoms
symptoms absent that should be present
what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
lack of motivation, blunted feelings, depression, and social withdrawal
what are the qualifications of a psychiatrist
have a medical degree; therefore can prescribe drugs
what are the qualifications of psychologists
have an advanced degree in psychology (Ph.D ; M.Sc); therefore can offer behaviour therapy but not drugs
what training do social workers have
training in counselling and usually licensed and registered
what training do counselers have
various kinds, but not set specialized training or licensing required
what are the types of therapeutic
antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and stimulants
what is the behavioural model
focused on what people do; stimulus, response and altering reinforcement
what is the cognitive model
focus on the effects of ideas on behaviour
what is cognitive behavioural therapy
variety of techniques that work towards changing negative patterns of thoughts and actions into positive ones
what is stress
any situation that disrupts homeostasis
what is homeostasis
state of dynamic equilibrium
what are stressors
things that shift our body away from homeostasis
what is eustress
a positive stress, which promotes high-level functioning
what is distress
negative stress which decreases performance
how the eyes affected during fight or flight
pupils dilate to admit extra light for more sensitive vision
how is the nose and throat affected during fight or flight
the mucous membranes of nose and throat shrink, while muscles force a wider opening of passage to allow easier airflow
how is the digestive system affected during fight or flight
the secretion of saliva and mucous decreases; digestive activities have a low priority in an emergency
how are the lungs affected during fight or flight
bronchi dilate to allow more air into the lungs
why do we sweat more during fight or flight
perspiration increases to flush out waste and cool overheating systems by evaporation
why does our blood sugar increase during fight or flight
the liver releases sugar into bloodstream to provide energy for muscles and brain
how are blood vessels affected during fight or flight
blood vessels in skin and viscera contract, and those in skeletal muscles dilate to increase blood pressure
why does heart rate increase during fight or flight
to increase strength of contraction which allows more blood flow where it is needed
what are the physical symptoms of excessive stress
dry mouth, excessive perspiration, frequent illness, headaches, pounding heart, and aching lower back
what are the emotional symptoms of excessive stress
anxiety, depression, edginess, fatigue, hyper vigilance, and impulsiveness
what are the behavioural symptoms of excessive stress
crying, disrupted sleeping habits, social isolation, and increased use of tobacco, alcohol or other drugs
how many hours of sleep do we need each night
7-9 hours
what is sleep important for
clearing the brain of wastes, learning and memory, and proper immune function
