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BPK 140 > Unit 8 - Weight management > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Weight management Flashcards

1
Q

what is not considered by body mass index

A

body composition and distribution of weight

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2
Q

what is the underweight classification

A

below 18.5 BMI

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3
Q

what is the normal range BMI

A

18.5 to 24.9

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4
Q

what is the overweight classification

A

25

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5
Q

what is the preobese classification

A

25 to 29.9

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6
Q

what is the obese class I classification

A

30 to 34.9

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7
Q

what is the obese class II classification

A

35 to 39.9

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8
Q

what is the obese class III classification

A

equal or above 40

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9
Q

how does obesity affect life expectancy

A

it reduces it by up to 14 years

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10
Q

what are the two types of body fat

A

essential fat and risky fat

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11
Q

what is essential fat for

A

reproductive capacity

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12
Q

what are the two types of risky fat

A

visceral or subcutaneous adipose

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13
Q

what does risky fat depend on

A

sex, age, diet, and activity

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14
Q

during digestion, what happens to carbohydrates

A

they are broken down in the small intestine into glucose, a simple sugar that enters the bloodstream

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15
Q

what triggers the release of insulin

A

the presence of glucose in the bloodstream

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16
Q

what is the BMI calculation

A

weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

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17
Q

what are different ways of evaluating body weight

A

height weight charts, hydrostatic weighing, skin fold measurements, circumference measurements, electrical impedance, and scanning methods

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18
Q

what determines your weight

A

energy balance

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19
Q

what are examples of energy intake

A

food, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and alcohol

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20
Q

what are examples of energy outputs

A

basal metabolism, thermogenesis, and physical activity

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21
Q

what is basal metabolic rate

A

the resting rate

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22
Q

what determines how much you eat?

A

hunger, appetite, and satiety

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23
Q

what influences hunger

A

more than 12 internal physiological signals

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24
Q

what influences appetite

A

sight, smell, and thought of food

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25
Q

what is satiety

A

fullness

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26
Q

how can you promote satiety

A

eating voluminous foods, mixed nutrient meals, fibre-rich foods, and eating slowly

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27
Q

how long does it take for your brain to realize you are full

A

20 minutes

28
Q

what are the effects of an obesogenic environment

A

it promotes the overconsumption of calories

29
Q

what are the different areas of the foresight model

A

food consumption; food production; physiology; individual physical activity; environmental physical activity; individual psychology; and social psychology

30
Q

what is the food consumption aspect describe

A

eating too many calories increases fat storage

31
Q

what is the food production aspect

A

high calorie, unhealthy foods are often cheap and accessible

32
Q

what is the physiology aspect

A

hormonal imbalances, genetics, and metabolic problems affect weight

33
Q

what is the individual physical activity aspect

A

level of PA, and ability to exercise

34
Q

what is the environmental physical activity aspect

A

the availability of bike paths, appropriate weather etc.

35
Q

what is the individual psychology aspect

A

depression, anxiety, and addiction can contribute to weight

36
Q

what is the social psychology aspect

A

friends and family can affect eating patterns

37
Q

what are the dangers of obesity

A

stroke, heart disease, cancer, type II diabetes, high blood cholesterol, psychological disorders such as depression

38
Q

what is the medical definition of the ideal weight

A

the weight at which one’s health risk is lowest

39
Q

what does crash dieting lead to

A

hormonal, metabolic, and psychological changes; increased appetite, fat storage, inability to maintain diet; weight gain, and weight dissatisfaction

40
Q

what are the guidelines for sound weight control

A

sensible diet, change in eating habits, psychological modification, physical activity

41
Q

what is self efficacy

A

belief in one’s ability to change

42
Q

what is the most important aspect of physical activity for weight reduction

A

duration, rather than intensity

43
Q

what is a eating disorder

A

a serious disturbance of eating patterns of behaviours, characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight/fat

44
Q

what are common features of eating disorders

A

dissatisfaction with body image and weight often due to distorted thinking, perfectionist beliefs, unreasonable demands for self-control, and excessive self-criticism

45
Q

what is anorexia nervosa

A

someone does not eat enough to maintain adequate body weight

46
Q

what is anorexia nervosa associated with

A

distorted body image, intense fear of weight gain, and purging/over exercising

47
Q

what are the risks from anorexia nervosa

A

amenorrhea, intolerant to cold, low BP; CV, GI, endocrine and skeletal disorders

48
Q

what is bulimia nervosa

A

episodic binge eating followed by purging

49
Q

what are the risks from bulimia nervosa

A

erosion of toot enamel, damage to esophagus, stomach; dehydration, disturbed salt balance; kidney, liver, heat damage; depression

50
Q

what is the difference between bulimia and binge eating disorder

A

binge eating does not involve compensation (vomiting)

51
Q

what are the treatments for anorexia

A

averting crisis by resorting body weight; and addressing psychological aspects of disorder

52
Q

what are the treatments for bulimia and binge eating

A

stabilizing eating patterns; identifying and changing behaviours that led to disordered eating; and improving coping skills

53
Q

what is subcutaneous fat

A

located just beneath the skin and represents the normal physiological buffer for excess energy intake

54
Q

what is visceral fat

A

fat embedded within the mesentery surrounding the abdominal organs

55
Q

what is ectopic fat

A

located on or within organs such as liver, heart, and brain

56
Q

what is hydrostatic weighing

A

a person is submerged and weighed under water, and the body fat is calculated from their density

57
Q

what is skin fold measurements

A

measurements are taken at several sites on the body and plugged into formulas that calculate body fat percentages

58
Q

what are circumference measures used for

A

to measure abdominal obesity

59
Q

what is electrical impedance analysis

A

electrodes are attached to the body and harmless electrical current is transmitted from electrode to electrode

60
Q

what is body image

A

the collective picture of the body as seen through the mind’s eye, body image consists of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes and emotions

61
Q

what characterizes negative body image

A

dissatisfaction with the body in general or some part of the body in particular

62
Q

what does the female athlete triad consist of

A

three interrelated disorders, abnormal eating patterns, excessive exercising, followed by decreased bone density

63
Q

what is body dysmorphic disorder

A

when body dissatisfaction becomes extreme

64
Q

what is muscle dysmorphia

A

a disorder experienced by some bodybuilders in which they see themselves as small and out of shape despite being very muscular

65
Q

what is otheroxia disorder

A

a disorder which involves being obsessed with healthy eating that it actually is damaging to their own health and well-being

BPK 140 (13 decks)

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