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BPK 140 > Unit 5 Cancer > Flashcards

Unit 5 Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most commonly diagnosed cancer

A

non-malignant melanoma

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2
Q

what is non-malignant melanoma

A

skin cancer

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3
Q

what is cancer

A

the abnormal uncontrolled multiplication of cells due to genetic mutations that disrupt the cell cycle

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4
Q

what does abnormal uncontrolled multiplication of cells lead to

A

neoplasms that can spread

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5
Q

what is a neoplasms

A

tumours

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6
Q

what does it mean for a tumour to be benign

A

it does not spread

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7
Q

what does it mean for a tumour to be malignant

A

it spreads and can be life threatening

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8
Q

what is cancer metastasis

A

malignant tumour cells invade blood or lymphatic vessels and spread to distant sites and produce secondary tumours

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9
Q

what causes mutations that lead to tumours

A

exposure to carcinogens

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10
Q

what are the three causes of cancer

A

carcinogenic chemicals, radiation, and pathogens

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11
Q

what is the main form of cancer spreading

A

attachment

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12
Q

how do tumours damage the body

A

whether benign or malignant, they can block a blood vessel, compromise a nerve, or otherwise interfere with normal body function

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13
Q

do blood cancers produce tumours

A

no

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14
Q

describe an advanced tumours

A

they have a blood supply and can use up supplies of energy and nutrients meant for healthy cells

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15
Q

what’s the most common cancer for females

A

breast cancer

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16
Q

what’s the most common cancer for males

A

prostate

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17
Q

what is the rarest form of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

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18
Q

describe a carcinoma

A

they grow slowly, and easy to treat

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19
Q

what are the risk factors of skin cancer

A

fair skin and hair, tendency to develop freckles and burn in the sun, family history of melanoma, and large number of moles

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20
Q

what are the risk factors of breast cancer

A

age, genetics, and age at onset of menstruation

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21
Q

if breast cancer is caught early what is the survival rate

A

above 80%

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22
Q

how is breast cancer detected

A

mammograms

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23
Q

when does breast cancer become dangerous

A

when it metastasized via lymph nodes, forming secondary tumours

24
Q

what is the treatment for breast cancer

A

surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy

25
Q

what are the risk factors for lung cancer

A

smoking, second hand smoke, asbestos, and pollution

26
Q

what is the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer

A

below 20%

27
Q

what is a prostate

A

a walnut sized gland near the bladder

28
Q

what is the function of the prostate

A

it secretes fluid that becomes part of semen

29
Q

if detected early, what is the survival rate of prostate cancer

A

around 95%

30
Q

what are the risk factors of prostate cancer

A

age, obesity, physical inactivity, and history of STIs

31
Q

what is a common symptom of prostate cancer

A

changes in urinary frequency or flow

32
Q

what are the screening methods for prostate cancer

A

digital recta, exam, and prostate-specific antigen test

33
Q

what are the treatment options for prostate cancer

A

surgery to remove prostate, radiation, cryotherapy, and drugs

34
Q

what does colorectal cancer begin with

A

polyps

35
Q

what is the screening for colorectal cancer

A

endoscopy

36
Q

what are the risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

older age, male sex, inflammatory bowel disease and family history; obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, red/processed meats may increase risk

37
Q

what are the symptoms of colorectal cancer

A

change in bowel movements, pain/tenderness in abdomen, and blood in feces

38
Q

where is the cervix

A

between the uterus and the vagina

39
Q

what is the leading risk factor for cervical cancer

A

human papilloma virus

40
Q

what causes virtually all cervical cancers

A

HPV

41
Q

what is the screening for cervical cancer

A

regular PAP tests aid early detection of precancerous cells

42
Q

what are the two types of HPV

A

high risk and low risk

43
Q

what is caused by high risk HPV

A

cancer

44
Q

what is caused by low risk HPV

A

plantar warts and genital warts

45
Q

what does screening involve

A

general examinations done on apparently healthy populations to identify those who may potentially have a disease

46
Q

what is a biopsy

A

involves removal of tissue that is suspected to be diseased for further examination

47
Q

what are the main treatments of cancer

A

surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and hormone therapy

48
Q

what is chemotherapy

A

the use of drugs to target and kill cancer cells

49
Q

why does hair fall out during chemotherapy

A

the drugs affects not only cancer cells but normal body cells that tend to divide more often

50
Q

what is radiation therapy

A

beams are focused from several directions resting in a higher dose at the tumour to kill cancer cells

51
Q

what form of cancer is radiation often used for

A

useful for localized tumours

52
Q

what is immunotherapy

A

stimulating the immune system with drugs

53
Q

what is gene therapy

A

modifying the genetic material of cancer cells

54
Q

what is used for gene therapy

A

altered viruses to deliver genetic material

55
Q

what is hormone therapy used for

A

to block hormone receptors or lower hormone levels

56
Q

what is the primary prevention for cancer

A

personal level, don’t smoke, reduce exposure to carcinogens, and cancer smart nutrition

57
Q
A

BPK 140 (13 decks)

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