Unit 12 - Fertility and Fertility Control Flashcards
what is the route of sperm during conception
testes to seminal vesicles to vas deferens to urethra to vagina to cervix to uterus to uterine tubes
what is the route of ovum during conception
ovaries to uterine tubes
where does fertilization occur
in the uterine tube
what occurs in order for implantation
a zygote divides to form a mass of cells
where does implantation occur
the endometrium
when does the mass of cells become an embryo
after several divisions
when is an embryo considered a fetus
after 8 weeks
what is coitus interrupts
the withdrawal method
what are natural birth control methods
abstinence, outercourse, and coitus interruptus
what is outercourse
hugging, kissing, touching, manual stimulation
what are the three methods of fertility awareness
ovulation method, rhythm method, and basal body temperature method
what are the pros of a male condom
provides the best protection against STIs; no side effects
what are the cons of a male condom
can interrupt activity; some people are allergic to latex; may diminish sensation; and breakage
what are the pros to a female condom
can be inserted up to 8 house before intercourse; and protects against STIs
what are the cons to a female condom
can be noisy, move or be uncomfortable; slippage often occurs
what are the pros to spermicide
it is inexpensive and readily available
what are the cons to spermicide
used with or without a diaphragm; must be inserted before intercourse; and doesn’t protect against STIs
what are the pros to a contraceptive sponge
can be inserted several hours or right before intercourse
what are the cons to a contraceptive sponge
doesn’t protect against STIs; increases HIV risk
how many days after can you use Plan B
five days
what are the side effects of plan B
nausea/vomiting, irregular bleeding, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and tender breasts
what does hormonal contraceptions prevent
the development of endometrium, which thickens cervical mucus
what does hormonal contraceptions prevent conception
mimics pregnancy hormones, tricking the body into thinking it is pregnant; which in turn prevents ovulation
what are the pros of an injectable contraceptive
3 months of protection; is effective and discrete
what are the cons of an injectable contraceptive
doesn’t protect against STIs; menstrual irregularities
what are the pros of the contraceptive patch
effective and discrete
what are the cons of a contraceptive patch
doesn’t protect against STIs; and has side effects
what are the pros of a hormonal ring
3 weeks protection at a time; and causes shorter, lighter periods
what are the cons of a hormonal ring
doesn’t protect against STIs; may have side effects
what are the pros of a diaphragm
can be inserted up to 6 hours prior to intercourse
what are the cons of a diaphragm
needs to be fitted; more expensive; can be moved out of place; and must be left in place for 6 hours after sex
what are the pros of IUDS
lasts 3-5 years; may stop menstruation; reduces risks of some cancers; and is effective immediately
what are the cons of IUDs
no protection against STIs, are expensive, needs to be inserted, and is painful
what is tubal ligation
Fallopian tubes are cauterized; tied, cut, blocked or sealed
what are the four steps of a vasectomy
vas deferens is located, a small incision in the scrotum to expose the vas, the section of the vas is removed, the incision is closed.
what are the types of abortion
medical abortion, dilation and curettage, or vacuum aspiration
what occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy
morning sickness, and a high risk of spontaneous abortion
what occurs during the second trimester
abdomen starts to noticeably swell; movement of baby first evidenced
what occurs during the third trimester
rapid fetal growth
what are some key ways to maintain a healthy pregnancy
eat sensibly; avoid sodium nitrate; ensure adequate intake of folic acid; avoid alcohol, tobacco, and limit caffeine
what occurs during the first stage of labor
dilation
what occurs during the second stage of labor
delivery of the baby
what occurs during the third stage of labor
explosion of the placenta
what are the benefits of breastfeeding
decreases newborn’s risk of CVD, obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and allergies
what are fertility options
sperm donor or surrogate; intrauterine insemination; hormone therapy; adoption
