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BPK 140 > Unit 1 health and wellness > Flashcards

Unit 1 health and wellness Flashcards

1
Q

what is life expectancy

A

number of years one can expect to live

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2
Q

what has caused an increase in life expectancy

A

public health achievements and a decreasing infant mortality rate

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3
Q

what are some public health achievements that has increased life expectancy

A

fluoridation of drinking water, vaccines, motor vehicle safety, and control of infectious disease

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4
Q

what is life span

A

the number of years that, as a species, we are biologically wired to live

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5
Q

what is the difference between life span and life expectancy

A

lifespan has remained more or less the same for thousands of years, while life expectancy does not equal lifespan

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6
Q

what is though to be the maximum human lifespan

A

around 120

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7
Q

what are the leading causes of death

A

cancer, heart disease, accidents, stroke, chronic lower respiratory infections, influenza, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, suicide, and chronic liver disease

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8
Q

what is health

A

the overall condition of the body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury

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9
Q

how does WHO describe health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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10
Q

what are signs of disease

A

something you can see

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11
Q

what are symptoms of disease

A

something you can feel

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12
Q

describe the medical model of health

A

the physician is responsible for your health, which is achieved through prescribed treatment

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13
Q

what is the goal of the medical model of health

A

to prevent morbidity and mortality

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14
Q

what was the public health breakthrough in the during 1970s

A

the concept of health changed, occurred with the emergence of the field of health promotion

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15
Q

what does health through prevention involve

A

empowerment, community support, healthy public policy, supportive environments, knowledge translation, and identification of risk factors

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16
Q

what’s the difference between health through prevention and the medical model

A

health through prevention focuses on prevention rather than treatment, and empowers the individual to be responsible for their health

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17
Q

how does the health through prevention explain morality

A

it links the main causes of mortality to population to know risk factors

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18
Q

what are the three levels that prevention occurs at

A

person level, community level, and the health care provider level

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19
Q

who is responsible at the person level of prevention

A

it is the responsibility of the person to change their health behaviours to reduce risk

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20
Q

what prevention occurs at the community level

A

health promoters can target high risk groups and focus on prevention and/or early detection

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21
Q

what prevention occurs at the health care provider level

A

physicians can act as a resource to raise awareness and impart knowledge of risk factors

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22
Q

what are personal health behaviours associated with living longer

A

not smoking, drinking in moderation, staying active, and eating fruits and vegetables a day

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23
Q

what is the framingham study

A

large scale epidemiological study

24
Q

what does the framingham study show

A

that people who didn’t smoke, drank moderately, where physically active, and ate fruits and vegetables lived ~14 years longer

25
Q

what are some social determinants of health

A

income, education, housing, food insecurity, gender, disability, indigenous status, and early childhood development

26
Q

what is wellness

A

involves optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well being

27
Q

what does wellness largely depend on

A

the decisions you make about how you live

28
Q

what does enhanced wellness involve

A

controlling risk factors that contribute to disease or injury

29
Q

what are the seven dimensions of wellness

A

physical, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, spiritual, environmental, financial

30
Q

how does the wellness model view health

A

recognizes the importance of disease and treatment

31
Q

what is the difference between the medical model and the wellness model

A

unlike the medical model, the neutral state in the wellness model is not considered the optimal state

32
Q

how is wellness describes

A

as a process of living

33
Q

what are the four steps of changing behaviour

A

thinking about it, preparing for action, takin action, and maintaining a good thing for life

34
Q

what are the stages of change

A

pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination

35
Q

how does S.M.A.R.T stand for

A

specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound

36
Q

why is S.M.A.R.T important

A

it increases your likelihood for success

37
Q

what are the factors the improve the likelihood of behaviour change

A

self efficacy, internal locus of control, self talk, support, and identity

38
Q

what is the hierarchy of evidence

A

experimental, epidemiological, clinical, personal, anecdotal

39
Q

what is epidemiological evidence

A

seeks to find relationships between variable by looking at trends within populations (observations only)

40
Q

what is experimental evidence

A

uses the scientific method and a well designed research study

41
Q

what is clinical evidence

A

evidence from health care professionals and clinicians

42
Q

what is personal evidence

A

something you have experienced personally

43
Q

what is anecdotal evidence

A

something someone else experienced and told you about

44
Q

what is scientific evidence

A

experimental evidence that starts with an hypothesis

45
Q

what does the ultimate study design include

A

randomized study group, a double blinding and placebo, and cross over

46
Q

what are the steps of scientific method

A

ask a question, research, hypothesis, test with an experiment, analyze results, report results

47
Q

what are the factors of causation

A

strength of association, dose response, consistency, temporally correct, specificity, and biological plausibility

48
Q

what does clinical evidence come from

A

the experience of clinicians

49
Q

what is the difference between clinical evidence and scientific evidence

A

clinical evidence has not been tested scientifically

50
Q

True or false: associated does not equal causation

A

true

51
Q

what does achieving wellness require

A

knowledge, self-awareness, motivation, and effort

52
Q

what are the different factors that influence wellness

A

health habits, heredity and family history, environment, access to healthcare, and behaviour

53
Q

what is target behaviour

A

choosing one behaviour you want to change and working on it until you succeed

54
Q

what is locus of control

A

the figurative place a person designates as the source of responsibility for the events in their life

55
Q

who is said to have an internal locus of control

A

people who believe they are in control of their own lives

56
Q

what does the health belief model suggest

A

that types of decisions and behaviours changes depend on and can be predicated via certain patterns of beliefs

57
Q
A

BPK 140 (13 decks)

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