Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BPK 140 > Unit 3 infectious disease and sexually transmitted infections > Flashcards

Unit 3 infectious disease and sexually transmitted infections Flashcards

1
Q

how does an infection occur

A

when a micro-organism invades the body of a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes an infectious disease

A

an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a latent period

A

the time between infection and the development of symptoms and signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does bacteria cause harm

A

by releasing enzymes or toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what kills bacteria

A

antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a pathogen

A

agent of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a virus

A

acellular pathogen that invades living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is used to treat viruses

A

antiviral drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does a virus do to a host cell

A

either kill it or alter its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are three types of fungi

A

yeasts, mold, mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does fungi do

A

absorbs nutrients from host, causing damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is protozoa

A

a single celled organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does protozoa do

A

release enzymes or toxins that destroy cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do parasitic worms do

A

attack tissue or organs and compete with host for nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does a parasitic worm infect someone

A

through borrowing through skin or through undercooked pork or fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the four ways to catch an infection

A

people, food, water, and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of transmission goes through animals and insects

A

vector transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why does bacteria live in your digestive tract

A

to aid digestion and vitamin absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the first line of defense

A

skin, cilia, mucus, elevated body temperature, cough, tears, and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what occurs during the second line of defense

A

specialized cells including macrophages, T cells, and B cells launch an immune response to climate the pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of macrophages

A

they surround and digest foreign matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the function of T cells

A

fights parasites, fungi, cancer cells, and infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what makes up antibodies

A

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of antibodies

A

they stick to specific antigens on pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is a humeral response

A

when a antibody protein sticks to a specific antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the chain of infection

A

pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, new host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is a vaccination

A

small quantity of inactive pathogens are injected to create memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what type of infection is smallpox

A

a virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what type of infection is polio

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what type of infection is measles

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what type of infection is malaria

A

protozoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what type of infection is HIV/AIDS

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what type of infection is tuberculosis

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what type of infection is Zika

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does measles cause

A

inflammation of the brain, brain damage, seizures, deafness, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how do colds spread

A

coughs, sneezes, direct and indirect contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

why is influenza deadly

A

it has a high rate of mutation and can recombine with other strains to create new flu strains

38
Q

how is Hepatitis A and E spread

A

through contaminated water

39
Q

how is hep B, C and D spread

A

through sexual contact

40
Q

what is caused by hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

41
Q

what is meningitis

A

infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

42
Q

what are the three types of vaginal infections

A

trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis

43
Q

what the three types of penile infections

A

candidiasis, epididymitis, and orchitis

44
Q

what type of infection is a UTI

A

bacterial

45
Q

what has led to antibiotic resistance

A

natural selection

46
Q

what is the most commonly reported STI in Canada

A

chlamydia

47
Q

what are three types of bacterial STIs

A

chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis

48
Q

what is caused by chlamydia

A

pelvic inflammatory disease, disrupted menstruation, pelvic pain, nausea/vomiting, vaginal discharge, and burning during urination

49
Q

what occurs in the first stage of syphilis

A

sore, usually painless at sit of infection

50
Q

what occurs during the second stage of syphilis

A

rash over the body

51
Q

what occurs during the third stage of sphyilis

A

bacteria invades the nervous system; neurological effects, mental disturbance, heart failure, blindness, and death

52
Q

what bacteria causes chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

53
Q

what causes chlamydia to spread easily

A

there are no early symptoms

54
Q

if chlamydia is left untreated, what happens

A

ectopic pregnancy, and sterility

55
Q

how can chlamydia be prevented

A

condom use

56
Q

what age group has the highest rate of infection for chlamydia

A

ages 15-29

57
Q

what bacteria causes gonorrhoea

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

58
Q

why is gonorrhoea underreported

A

it is often asymptomatic

59
Q

how does gonorrhoea spread

A

through oral, vaginal, or anal sex

60
Q

how can gonorrheoa be prevented

A

condom use

61
Q

what age groups are at the highest incidence rate for gonorrhoea

A

females aged 15-24, and males aged 30-39

62
Q

what bacteria causes syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

63
Q

how is syphilis transmitted

A

through break in skin, via kissing, oral, vaginal, or anal sex

64
Q

what is the most common viral STI

A

human paillomavirus

65
Q

what causes cervical cancers

A

HPV

66
Q

how does HPV spread

A

by sexual contact, including oral sex

67
Q

how is HPV prevented

A

through the Gardasil vaccination

68
Q

what is affected from Herpes simplex virus 1

A

the mouth

69
Q

what is affected from herpes simplex virus 2

A

genitals

70
Q

what is herpes simplex virus

A

small, painful, leaking red blisters

71
Q

where does HSV lay dormant

A

in nerve cells

72
Q

how is HSV commonly transmitted

A

through oral sex

73
Q

what can cause a HSV outbreak

A

stress, illness, fatigue, sun exposure, intercourse, and menstruation

74
Q

is there a cure for HSV

A

no

75
Q

what is the clinical endpoint to HIV

A

AIDS

76
Q

what does HIV do

A

attacks immune T cells

77
Q

how is HIV spread

A

blood to blood, or fluid to blood contact

78
Q

how is HIV commonly transmitted

A

through unprotected sex

79
Q

why is HIV so deadly

A

HIV hides inside the immune cells, slowly killing them, it replicates to fast for the immune system to fight it, and it mutates and avoids elimination

80
Q

what happens if HIV is untreated

A

it leads to AIDS within 10 years

81
Q

what is the main treatment of HIV

A

HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)

82
Q

how does AIDS lead to death

A

it severely compromises the immune system, causing death due to opportunistic infections

83
Q

what are the two types of immune response

A

innate and adaptive

84
Q

what occurs during the first phase of the immune response

A

dendritic cells are drawn to the site the injury and consume the foreign cells, they then provide information about the pathogen by displaying its antigen on their surfaces

85
Q

what occurs during the second phase of the immune response

A

helper T cells multiply rapidly and trigger the production of killer T cells and B cells in the spleen and lymph nodes

86
Q

what occurs during the third phase of the immune response

A

killer T cells strike at foreign cells and body cells that have been invaded and infected, identifying he by the antigens displayed on the cell’s surfaces.

87
Q

what occurs during the fourth phase of the immune response

A

the last phase of the immune response is a slowdown of activity

88
Q

what is acquired immunity

A

the ability of memory lymphocytes to remember previous infections

89
Q

what is the basis of immunization

A

the ability of the immune system to remember previously encountered organisms and retain its strength against them

90
Q

how can you deal with allergies

A

avoidance, medication, and immunotherapy

91
Q
A

BPK 140 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions