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BPK 140 > Unit 3 infectious disease and sexually transmitted infections > Flashcards

Unit 3 infectious disease and sexually transmitted infections Flashcards

1
Q

how does an infection occur

A

when a micro-organism invades the body of a host

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2
Q

what causes an infectious disease

A

an infection

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3
Q

what is a latent period

A

the time between infection and the development of symptoms and signs

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4
Q

how does bacteria cause harm

A

by releasing enzymes or toxins

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5
Q

what kills bacteria

A

antibiotics

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6
Q

what is a pathogen

A

agent of infection

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7
Q

what is a virus

A

acellular pathogen that invades living cells

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8
Q

what is used to treat viruses

A

antiviral drugs

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9
Q

what does a virus do to a host cell

A

either kill it or alter its function

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10
Q

what are three types of fungi

A

yeasts, mold, mushrooms

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11
Q

what does fungi do

A

absorbs nutrients from host, causing damage

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12
Q

what is protozoa

A

a single celled organism

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13
Q

what does protozoa do

A

release enzymes or toxins that destroy cells

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14
Q

what do parasitic worms do

A

attack tissue or organs and compete with host for nutrients

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15
Q

how does a parasitic worm infect someone

A

through borrowing through skin or through undercooked pork or fish

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16
Q

what are the four ways to catch an infection

A

people, food, water, and animals

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17
Q

what type of transmission goes through animals and insects

A

vector transmission

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18
Q

why does bacteria live in your digestive tract

A

to aid digestion and vitamin absorption

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19
Q

what is the first line of defense

A

skin, cilia, mucus, elevated body temperature, cough, tears, and saliva

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20
Q

what occurs during the second line of defense

A

specialized cells including macrophages, T cells, and B cells launch an immune response to climate the pathogen

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21
Q

what is the function of macrophages

A

they surround and digest foreign matter

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22
Q

what is the function of T cells

A

fights parasites, fungi, cancer cells, and infected cells

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23
Q

what makes up antibodies

A

B cells

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24
Q

what is the function of antibodies

A

they stick to specific antigens on pathogens

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25
what is a humeral response
when a antibody protein sticks to a specific antigen
26
what is the chain of infection
pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, new host
27
what is a vaccination
small quantity of inactive pathogens are injected to create memory cells
28
what type of infection is smallpox
a virus
29
what type of infection is polio
virus
30
what type of infection is measles
virus
31
what type of infection is malaria
protozoan
32
what type of infection is HIV/AIDS
virus
33
what type of infection is tuberculosis
bacteria
34
what type of infection is Zika
virus
35
what does measles cause
inflammation of the brain, brain damage, seizures, deafness, and death
36
how do colds spread
coughs, sneezes, direct and indirect contact
37
why is influenza deadly
it has a high rate of mutation and can recombine with other strains to create new flu strains
38
how is Hepatitis A and E spread
through contaminated water
39
how is hep B, C and D spread
through sexual contact
40
what is caused by hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
41
what is meningitis
infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
42
what are the three types of vaginal infections
trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis
43
what the three types of penile infections
candidiasis, epididymitis, and orchitis
44
what type of infection is a UTI
bacterial
45
what has led to antibiotic resistance
natural selection
46
what is the most commonly reported STI in Canada
chlamydia
47
what are three types of bacterial STIs
chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis
48
what is caused by chlamydia
pelvic inflammatory disease, disrupted menstruation, pelvic pain, nausea/vomiting, vaginal discharge, and burning during urination
49
what occurs in the first stage of syphilis
sore, usually painless at sit of infection
50
what occurs during the second stage of syphilis
rash over the body
51
what occurs during the third stage of sphyilis
bacteria invades the nervous system; neurological effects, mental disturbance, heart failure, blindness, and death
52
what bacteria causes chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatis
53
what causes chlamydia to spread easily
there are no early symptoms
54
if chlamydia is left untreated, what happens
ectopic pregnancy, and sterility
55
how can chlamydia be prevented
condom use
56
what age group has the highest rate of infection for chlamydia
ages 15-29
57
what bacteria causes gonorrhoea
neisseria gonorrhoeae
58
why is gonorrhoea underreported
it is often asymptomatic
59
how does gonorrhoea spread
through oral, vaginal, or anal sex
60
how can gonorrheoa be prevented
condom use
61
what age groups are at the highest incidence rate for gonorrhoea
females aged 15-24, and males aged 30-39
62
what bacteria causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
63
how is syphilis transmitted
through break in skin, via kissing, oral, vaginal, or anal sex
64
what is the most common viral STI
human paillomavirus
65
what causes cervical cancers
HPV
66
how does HPV spread
by sexual contact, including oral sex
67
how is HPV prevented
through the Gardasil vaccination
68
what is affected from Herpes simplex virus 1
the mouth
69
what is affected from herpes simplex virus 2
genitals
70
what is herpes simplex virus
small, painful, leaking red blisters
71
where does HSV lay dormant
in nerve cells
72
how is HSV commonly transmitted
through oral sex
73
what can cause a HSV outbreak
stress, illness, fatigue, sun exposure, intercourse, and menstruation
74
is there a cure for HSV
no
75
what is the clinical endpoint to HIV
AIDS
76
what does HIV do
attacks immune T cells
77
how is HIV spread
blood to blood, or fluid to blood contact
78
how is HIV commonly transmitted
through unprotected sex
79
why is HIV so deadly
HIV hides inside the immune cells, slowly killing them, it replicates to fast for the immune system to fight it, and it mutates and avoids elimination
80
what happens if HIV is untreated
it leads to AIDS within 10 years
81
what is the main treatment of HIV
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
82
how does AIDS lead to death
it severely compromises the immune system, causing death due to opportunistic infections
83
what are the two types of immune response
innate and adaptive
84
what occurs during the first phase of the immune response
dendritic cells are drawn to the site the injury and consume the foreign cells, they then provide information about the pathogen by displaying its antigen on their surfaces
85
what occurs during the second phase of the immune response
helper T cells multiply rapidly and trigger the production of killer T cells and B cells in the spleen and lymph nodes
86
what occurs during the third phase of the immune response
killer T cells strike at foreign cells and body cells that have been invaded and infected, identifying he by the antigens displayed on the cell's surfaces.
87
what occurs during the fourth phase of the immune response
the last phase of the immune response is a slowdown of activity
88
what is acquired immunity
the ability of memory lymphocytes to remember previous infections
89
what is the basis of immunization
the ability of the immune system to remember previously encountered organisms and retain its strength against them
90
how can you deal with allergies
avoidance, medication, and immunotherapy
91

BPK 140 (13 decks)

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