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BPK 140 > Unit 10 - Drugs and Alcohol > Flashcards

Unit 10 - Drugs and Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics of addiction

A

reinforcement, compulsion, loss of control, escalation, and negative consequences

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2
Q

what are the types of addictive behaviours

A

substance use, gambling, social media, gaming, work addiction, compulsive exercise and sex addiction

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3
Q

what are the routes of administration

A

inhalation, subcutaneous injection, oral dosage, intravenous injection, and intramuscular injection

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4
Q

why does injecting drugs more likely to cause dependence

A

strong stimulus response pairing, and they wear off more quickly.

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5
Q

what drugs affect dopamine levels

A

nicotine, cocaine, alcohol, heroin, and amphetamines

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6
Q

how do drugs affect the brain

A

it alters the effects of neurotransmitters

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7
Q

what is the effect of cocaine on brain chemistry

A

it blocks the removal of dopamine from a synapse resulting in the buildup of dopamine causing continuous stimulation of the receiving neurones

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8
Q

what are the factors that influence drug effects

A

pharmacological properties, dose-response function, time action function, drug use history, route of administration, physical factors, and psychological factors

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9
Q

what are stimulants

A

drugs that speed up activity of the nervous and muscular systems

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10
Q

what are examples of stimulants

A

caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy, ritalin

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11
Q

what are the effects of excessive consumption of caffeine

A

shaking, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, and irregular heartbeat

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12
Q

what are the effects of chronic smoking

A

bronchitis, emphysema, and reproductive complications

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13
Q

what are the effects of nicotine on blood vessels

A

causes them to constrict especially in skin

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14
Q

where is cocaine derived from

A

coca plant

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15
Q

what are the effects of cocaine

A

rapid heart/breathing rate, decreased appetite, and euphoria

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16
Q

what is crack

A

a less pure freebase form of cocaine

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17
Q

what are the effects of repeated use of cocaine

A

insomnia, weight loss, and impotence

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18
Q

what are the effects of cocaine on the central nervous system

A

may cause psychological problems, and suppresses desire for food, sex, and sleep

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19
Q

what are the effects of cocaine on the cardiovascular system

A

it increases blood pressure and damages heart tissue

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20
Q

what are the effects of cocaine on the respiratory system

A

freebasing causes lung damage

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21
Q

what are the effects of cocaine on the nose

A

it damages mucous membranes

22
Q

why are amphetamines cheap

A

they can be made from household ingredients

23
Q

what are the effects of chronic amphetamine use

A

severe weight loss, heart attack, stroke, paranoia, psychosis, and violent behaviour

24
Q

what is amphetamine psychosis

A

psychotic features including paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations and delusions

25
Q

what is X/ Molly

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

26
Q

what is a hallucinogen

A

a group of psychoactive drugs that alter perceptions, feelings, and thoughts

27
Q

what are examples of hallucinogens

A

LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, Ketamine, PCP

28
Q

what are opioids

A

a class of drugs that relieve pain, cause drowsiness and euphoria

29
Q

what are examples of opioids

A

opium, heroin, methadone, morphine, codeine, demerol, oxycodone, and fentanyl

30
Q

what are opioids derived from

A

from the podium poppy

31
Q

what are the effects of opioids

A

relaxation, euphoria, slowed breathing, slurred speech, impaired balance

32
Q

what is cannabis classified as

A

a CNS depressant, hallucinogen, or stimulant

33
Q

what are the acute effects of cannabis

A

mild euphoria, heightened perception, drowsiness, and red eyes

34
Q

what are the chronic effects of cannabis

A

ma interfere with memory/learning, and may promote schizophrenia

35
Q

what are the benefits of cannabis

A

it may relieve nausea, vomitting, and chronic pain

36
Q

what is alcohol

A

a CNS depressant

37
Q

what are the acute effects of alcohol

A

mild euphoria, relaxation, altered judgment, and impaired motor skills

38
Q

how is alcohol absorbed

A

directly into the blood through the stomach or small intestinal wall

39
Q

what are the short term risks of alcohol use

A

it affects judgment and changes mood

40
Q

what is the result of excess consumption

A

memory loss, decreased blood sugar levels, slurred speech, impaired sexual function, and dehydration

41
Q

what are the effects of chronic alcohol use on the brain

A

impaired memory, loss of sensation, and brain atrophy

42
Q

what are the affects of chronic alcohol use on the heart

A

weakened cardiac muscle, elevated blood pressure, irregular heartbeat and increased risk of stroke

43
Q

what are the effects of chronic alcohol use on the organs

A

causes cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis; inflammation of stomach and pancreas; increases risk of cancers

44
Q

what are the risk factors for addiction

A

mental health conditions; genetic, physiological, personality, and lifestyle

45
Q

what are examples of treatment options

A

medication assisted treatment, group and peer counselling, and harm reduction strategies

46
Q

what are the findings noted in “Teen Girls Report Record Levels of Sadness”

A

rates of sadness reflect a long brewing national tragedy only made worse by the isolation and stress of the pandemic

47
Q

what is addiction

A

chronic disease that involves disruption of the brain’s systems related to reward, motivation and memory

48
Q

what are the diagnostic criteria for addiction

A

impaired control, social problems, risky use, and feeling of drug effects

49
Q

what are the serious concerns associated with drug use

A

intoxication, unexpected side effects, and unknown due constituents

50
Q

what do opioid withdrawal symptoms include

A

cramps, chills, sweating, nausea, tremors, irritability, and feelings of panic

BPK 140 (13 decks)

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