Unit 9/10 Classification Flashcards
Taxonomists
- Scientists that identify and name organisms
Benefits of classifying
- Accurately/ uniformly name organisms
- Prevents misnomers
Classifying language
- Uses same language: Latin + some Greek for all names
- Latin names understood by all taxonomists
Aristotle
- 1st taxonomist
- Divided organisms into plants + animals, then subdivided by habitat
Carolus Linnaeus
- Father of Taxonomy
- Classified organisms by their structure
- Developed the modern naming system: binomial nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
- Two word name (Genus, species)
- Capitalize Genus not species
Standardized naming
- Italicized in print
- Underlined when writing
Taxon (Taxa-plural)
- A category into which related organisms are placed
- Hierarchy of groups/ taxa from broadest to most specific
Hierarchy- Taxonomic Groups
- Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Did King Philip come over for great sex?
Domain definition
- The broadest, least specific, most inclusive taxon
Species definition
- Most specific taxon
3 Domains
- Archaea and Eubacteria:
Unicellular prokaryotes
(No nucleus/ membrane bound organelles). - Eukarya: More complex and have a nucleus + membrane bound organelles
Eubacteria
- Some may cause disease, and are decomposers
- LIVE ANYWHERE
- Commercially important in making dairy like cheese
What Domain’s the first to evolve?
- Eubacteria (prokaryotes found in all habitats except harsh ones)
Archaebacteria
- Live in harsh environments
- Vvv hot, acidic, salty places
Kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
Protista
- Live in moist or wet environments
- Cell walls made of cellulose
Fungi
- Multicellular except yeast
- Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside body then absorb it)
- Cell walls made of chitin
Plantae
- Multicellular
- Autotrophic
- Photosynthesis
- Cell walls made of cellulose
-ose
- Sugar
3 Plant Divisions
- Bryophytes
- Gymnosperm
- Angiosperm
Bryophytes
- Mosses: have no vessels for moving water to the leaves
Gymnosperm
- Conifers + pine trees: cones
Angiosperm
- All flowering plants
When did Dino’s exist?
- Dino’s existed when there were no flowers, only pine trees.
Classification
- Arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
- Aka taxonomy
Protista Cell type
Eukaryote
Bacteria cell outer boundary
Cell wall
Protista cell outer boundary
Cell membrane or wall
Bacteria number of cells
Unicellular (1)
Protista number of cells
Both but usually unicellular
Fungi number of cells
Both, mostly multicellular
Bacteria reproduction
Binary fission
Protista reproduction
Mitosis and sexual reproduction
Fungi reproduction
Sporulation, sexual, and asexual
Plant reproduction
Sexual
Bacteria getting energy
Heterotroph and Autotroph
Protista getting energy
Heterotroph and Autotroph
3 examples of Protista
Paramecium, amoeba, and algae
Monera
- First and least complex kingdom that includes archaebacteria and eubacteria
Arthropods
Insects in the animal kingdom that have segmented legs
Lysogenic cycle
- When a virus infects a cell which eventually bursts, releasing newly assembled viruses
What’re the cold and the flu caused by?
A virus
What do u not use against a virus?
- Don’t use antibiotics, because viruses aren’t living
What do u use against viruses?
Vaccines made from destroyed or weakened forms of a virus
Which 2 kingdoms produce sexually?
Plants and animals
Where’s the sperm located in plants?
- A pollen grain which fertilizes an egg
Where’s pollen located in a plant?
- The tip of the stamen, the male part of the flower
Stamen
Male part of the flower
Ovules are the same things as
Eggs
What 2 things to ferns and mosses need to reproduce?
- Ferns and mosses use water to reproduce and sometimes need wind to carry spores
When does pollination occur?
- Pollination occurs when pollen from the anther is deposited on the pistil, which can happen by birds, insects, and wind.
Koch’s Postulates
The disease must be taken from the infected host and injected into the healthy host and must match the original host culture
