Unit 5 Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Process that takes place in the chloroplast and turns light energy into chemical energy (glucose) and oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
Process that takes place in the mitochondria and turns glucose and oxygen into ATP energy.
When cells need energy to do work,
certain enzymes release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
- Mitochondria
What occurs in photosynthesis?
Plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
Aerobic Respiration
Releasing the energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration
Aka fermentation, releases the energy from food in the absence of oxygen.
Stoma
Tiny pores in the bottom side of leaves, where carbon dioxide goes in. Water goes in through roots.
Roots
Where water goes in.
Chemosynthesis
Process which uses chemical energy to make carbohydrates.
Things photosynthesis requires:
CO2, Chlorophyll, Light, and Water.
CCLW
Which colors does chlorophyll absorb well?
Blue and red.
Granum
A stack of thylakoids.
Stroma
Fluid in chloroplast/ region outside the thylakoids membranes in chloroplast.
Thylakoids
Saclike photosynthetic membranes that contain chlorophyll pigment.
Where does light dependent take place?
Light Dependent takes place in thylakoid membranes.
Where does light independent take place?
Stroma fluid
Light Dependent. What happens scientifically and generally?
Scientifically: Take in water and light to produce oxygen and convert ADP + NADP into energy carriers ATP + NADPH.
Generally: In the thylakoid, water is split and ATP is produced to run the next reaction.
Calvin Cycle
Takes on CO2 (from stomata) + energy (ATP+NADPH) to create glucose.
3 factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?
Shortage of water, Intensity of light, and Temperature.
SIT
Glucose
A molecule that allows organisms to store chemical energy, that’s later used in cellular respiration to form ATP.
2 Types of autotrophs and what they do?
Photosynthesis- Photo Autotrophs use light
Chemosynthesis- Chemo Autotrophs use chemicals.
Xylem
Xylem veins (vascular bundles) deliver water absorbed at roots to leaves.
What exits stomata after photosynthesis?
O2
Mitochondria
Break chemical glucose bonds to release energy to do work.
Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm AND Mitochondria.
Fermentation
Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. (Anaerobic)
Where does GKE take place?
Cytosol, Mitochondria, Inner mitochondrial membrane.
CMI
Chemical Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O-> C6H12O6+6O2
Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water= Oxygen + Glucose
Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What living things perform cellular respiration?
All organisms with eukaryotic cells
Ex. Animals, Plants, Protists, Fungi
Where does glycolysis take place?
Glycolysis takes place in the part of the cytoplasm called the cytosol.
How much gross ATP is produced in aerobic respiration?
38
Gross vs. Net
- Total before deduction
- Deducted total
