Unit 4 Flashcards
Diffusion
When anything moves from high to low concentration
Plasmolysis
When water leaves a cell via osmosis and the cell shrinks.
Cytolysis
When water enters a cell and causes the cell to explode and die.
What kind of cells can’t perform cytolysis?
Plant, Fungi, Bacterial, and other cells with a cell wall.
Passive Transport. Examples?
No energy needed just spreads. Examples: Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion
When larger substances are moved across the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins.
Active Transport
Movement of solid or liquid particles in + out of the cell with energy input. Going against the concentration gradient.
Concentration Gradient
Particles moving from high to low concentration, typically through a membrane.
Active Transport examples
Carrier-Gate Proteins, endo + exocytosis, protein pumps.
Endocytosis
Process of taking material into the cell through pockets of the cell membrane.
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Exocytosis
Substance brought out of the cell through the cell membrane.
Urinary/Excretory System
Filters the blood
Bladder
Stores urine
Urethra
Transfers urine out of the body.
Ureter
Transfers urine from kidney to bladder.
Kidney
Organ that filters waste and excess substances from blood. They’re important for bone cell production and bone health.
Nephron
Microscopic filtering unit within the kidney. Cell structure that creates urine.
Osmosis
When water moves through a membrane from high to low concentration.
Cell Membrane
Homeostasis is maintained
Barrier between cells + outside environment
controls Movement of Material
Recognition of cells to help with metabolic functions.
Hypertonic
Concentration of solute a is lower inside of cell (more water), water leaves the cell.
Cell gets smaller
Isotonic
Concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside cell. Water moves in and out at equilibrium.
Hypotonic
Concentration of solutes is greater inside cell (less water), water enters the cell.
Cell gets bigger
What type of solutions are iso, hyper, and hypo? Energy required?
Osmotic, no energy required. High to low concentration.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall.
Lipid Bilayer
2 layers of lipids that give cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier.
Protein Pumps
- Proteins that pump molecules that are too large to diffuse through the membrane through active transport
Carrier Proteins
Change shape to allow molecules to enter the cell.
Hydrophobic + Hydroliphic
Water hating, water loving
What happens when kidneys don’t work properly?
Harmful substances build up in the body, blood pressure rises, Edema- fluid buildup in tissues leads to swelling.
Which part of the cell membrane prevents the cells watery environment from entering the cell?
Fatty acid lipid tails
Brownian motion
Movement of molecules with no set pattern.(random motion).
3 molecules that pass directly through a cell membrane.
Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Two molecules that must enter a cell membrane through protein channels.
Glucose and starch.
The Fluid Mosaic describes…
- The fluid mosaic describes the plasma membrane of animal cells
Membrane Folding
- Active transport
- Endo + Exocytosis
What’s the cell membrane composed of?
- The cell membrane’s composed of proteins, phospholipids, and carbohydrates
