Unit 4

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

When anything moves from high to low concentration

Question 2

Plasmolysis

Answer 2

When water leaves a cell via osmosis and the cell shrinks.

Question 3

Cytolysis

Answer 3

When water enters a cell and causes the cell to explode and die.

Question 4

What kind of cells can’t perform cytolysis?

Answer 4

Plant, Fungi, Bacterial, and other cells with a cell wall.

Question 5

Passive Transport. Examples?

Answer 5

No energy needed just spreads. Examples: Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion.

Question 6

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 6

When larger substances are moved across the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins.

Question 7

Active Transport

Answer 7

Movement of solid or liquid particles in + out of the cell with energy input. Going against the concentration gradient.

Question 8

Concentration Gradient

Answer 8

Particles moving from high to low concentration, typically through a membrane.

Question 9

Active Transport examples

Answer 9

Carrier-Gate Proteins, endo + exocytosis, protein pumps.

Question 10

Endocytosis

Answer 10

Process of taking material into the cell through pockets of the cell membrane.

Question 11

Pinocytosis

Answer 11

Cell drinking

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

Cell eating

Question 13

Exocytosis

Answer 13

Substance brought out of the cell through the cell membrane.

Question 14

Urinary/Excretory System

Answer 14

Filters the blood

Question 15

Bladder

Answer 15

Stores urine

Question 16

Urethra

Answer 16

Transfers urine out of the body.

Question 17

Ureter

Answer 17

Transfers urine from kidney to bladder.

Question 18

Kidney

Answer 18

Organ that filters waste and excess substances from blood. They’re important for bone cell production and bone health.

Question 19

Nephron

Answer 19

Microscopic filtering unit within the kidney. Cell structure that creates urine.

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

When water moves through a membrane from high to low concentration.

Question 21

Cell Membrane

Answer 21

Homeostasis is maintained
Barrier between cells + outside environment
controls Movement of Material
Recognition of cells to help with metabolic functions.

Question 22

Hypertonic

Answer 22

Concentration of solute a is lower inside of cell (more water), water leaves the cell.
Cell gets smaller

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

Concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside cell. Water moves in and out at equilibrium.

Question 24

Hypotonic

Answer 24

Concentration of solutes is greater inside cell (less water), water enters the cell.
Cell gets bigger

Question 25

What type of solutions are iso, hyper, and hypo? Energy required?

Answer 25

Osmotic, no energy required. High to low concentration.

Question 26

Turgor Pressure

Answer 26

Turgor pressure pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall.

Question 27

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 27

2 layers of lipids that give cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier.

Question 28

Protein Pumps

Answer 28

• Proteins that pump molecules that are too large to diffuse through the membrane through active transport

Question 29

Carrier Proteins

Answer 29

Change shape to allow molecules to enter the cell.

Question 30

Hydrophobic + Hydroliphic

Answer 30

Water hating, water loving

Question 31

What happens when kidneys don’t work properly?

Answer 31

Harmful substances build up in the body, blood pressure rises, Edema- fluid buildup in tissues leads to swelling.

Question 32

Which part of the cell membrane prevents the cells watery environment from entering the cell?

Answer 32

Fatty acid lipid tails

Question 33

Brownian motion

Answer 33

Movement of molecules with no set pattern.(random motion).

Question 34

3 molecules that pass directly through a cell membrane.

Answer 34

Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

Question 35

Two molecules that must enter a cell membrane through protein channels.

Answer 35

Glucose and starch.

Question 36

The Fluid Mosaic describes…

Answer 36

• The fluid mosaic describes the plasma membrane of animal cells

Question 37

Membrane Folding

Answer 37

• Active transport

- Endo + Exocytosis

Question 38

What’s the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 38

• The cell membrane’s composed of proteins, phospholipids, and carbohydrates