Unit 8 More evolution

Question 1

natural selection

Answer 1

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals

Question 2

phylogenetic tree

Answer 2

A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 3

taxon

Answer 3

A named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification

Question 4

radiometric dating

Answer 4

A method for determining the absolute age of rocks and fossils based on the half-life of a radioactive isotopes

Question 5

clade

Answer 5

A group of species That includes an ancestral species of all of its descendants

Question 6

Heterotroph

Answer 6

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them

Question 7

endosymbiosis

Answer 7

a mutually beneficial relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell/cells of another organism

Question 8

describe the early atmosphere

Answer 8

• mainly CO2 with little oxygen

- when the earth cooled down it formed the oceans

Question 9

coacervates

Answer 9

Are unique type of electrostatically driven liquid liquid phase separation resulting from the association of oppositely charged macro ions

Question 10

Half-life

Answer 10

The mount of time it takes for a substance to lose half of its radioactive activity

Question 11

Biological species concept

Answer 11

Categorizing organisms into species based on their physical genetic and behavioral characteristics meant for differentiation between species as a population of organisms that talks about interbreeding

Question 12

Anaerobic

Answer 12

Relating involving or acquiring an absence of free oxygen

Question 13

Cladogram

Answer 13

A branching diagram showing the clad distich relationship between the number of species

Question 14

In group

Answer 14

The set of organisms understudy and is distinct from sociological out groups

Question 15

Out groups

Answer 15

A group of organisms that serves as a reference point to determining evolutionary relationships

Question 16

parsimonious

Answer 16

The simplest explanation that can explain the data and fits the evidence

Question 17

cyanobacteria

Answer 17

• Micro organisms that structurally resemble bacteria (lack of organelles and a nucleus)
• it contains chlorophyll
• conducts oxygenic photosynthesis

Question 18

protobiont

Answer 18

• Systems that are considered to have possibly been the precursors of prokaryotic cells
• abiotically produced organic molecule surrounded by a membrane or membrane like structure

Question 19

Liposomes

Answer 19

• vesticles That can transport substances such as nutrients enjoys into a sale out of the cell

Question 20

Explain laboratory evidence that Protobionts form spontaneously

Answer 20

The relative ease with which liposomes can be synthesized in laboratories

Question 21

Explain Miller and Urey’s experiment

Answer 21

They conducted an experiment which demonstrated that several organic compounds could be formed spontaneously by stimulating conditions of earths early atmosphere

Question 22

Explain Miller and Urey’s observation

Answer 22

They found that several organic amino acids had been formed from inorganic raw materials

Question 23

Name the three domains

Answer 23

• archaea
• bacteria
• eukarya

Question 24

archea

Answer 24

More complex RNA polymerase

• cell walls don’t contain peptidoglycan
• different membrane lipid bonding

Question 25

bacteria

Answer 25

Microscopic single celled organisms , prokaryotic microorganisms

Question 26

Eukarya

Answer 26

The domain compromise of eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a true nucleus

Question 27

the 6 kingdoms of life

Answer 27

archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

Question 28

explain the eukaryotic kingdoms and there functions

Answer 28

plants: they produce their own sugars and other food through photosynthesis
fungi: absorb dissolved nutrients
animals: obtainfood by eating and digesting other organisms

Question 29

protista

Answer 29

organized plastids and mitochondria, most are unicellular

Question 30

first life on earth

Answer 30

single called micro-organism or microbes lacking a cell nucleus or cell membrane known as prokaryotes

Question 31

explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria were their own entity

Answer 31

one cell took in mitochondria and chloroplasts & the evidence is DNA and ribosome like hearts

Question 32

How did cyanobacteria change the earth

Answer 32

• The oxygen atmosphere we depended on was generated by cyanobacteria
• the first free oxygen was released through this and photosynthesis

Question 33

what is the oldest evidence of life on earth & how old?

Answer 33

• 3.8 billion years ago

- carbon isotopes showing signs of metabolism

Question 34

what taxonic group isn’t a kingdom

Answer 34

bacteria

Question 35

why taxonic group needs to be reorganized

Answer 35

protista

Question 36

cladograms can’t tell you what?

Answer 36

absolute dates and branches

Question 37

half life is used to determine what ?

Answer 37

absolute age

Question 38

scientific name is made of what?

Answer 38

genus and species

Question 39

why was the early atmosphere good for growing life?

Answer 39

the atmosphere was reducing

Question 40

RNA is what?

Answer 40

self replicating and catalytic

Question 41

atmospheric oxygen was produced by?

Answer 41

cyanobacteria

Question 42

chloroplasts have what?

Answer 42

• circular DNA

- prokaryote like ribosomes

Question 43

how did the first bacteria get nutrition ?

Answer 43

heterotroph

Question 44

The first genetic material was most likely what?

Answer 44

RNA