Unit 8 More evolution Flashcards
natural selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
phylogenetic tree
A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
taxon
A named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification
radiometric dating
A method for determining the absolute age of rocks and fossils based on the half-life of a radioactive isotopes
clade
A group of species That includes an ancestral species of all of its descendants
Heterotroph
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them
endosymbiosis
a mutually beneficial relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell/cells of another organism
describe the early atmosphere
- mainly CO2 with little oxygen
- when the earth cooled down it formed the oceans
coacervates
Are unique type of electrostatically driven liquid liquid phase separation resulting from the association of oppositely charged macro ions
Half-life
The mount of time it takes for a substance to lose half of its radioactive activity
Biological species concept
Categorizing organisms into species based on their physical genetic and behavioral characteristics meant for differentiation between species as a population of organisms that talks about interbreeding
Anaerobic
Relating involving or acquiring an absence of free oxygen
Cladogram
A branching diagram showing the clad distich relationship between the number of species
In group
The set of organisms understudy and is distinct from sociological out groups
Out groups
A group of organisms that serves as a reference point to determining evolutionary relationships
parsimonious
The simplest explanation that can explain the data and fits the evidence
cyanobacteria
- Micro organisms that structurally resemble bacteria (lack of organelles and a nucleus)
- it contains chlorophyll
- conducts oxygenic photosynthesis
protobiont
- Systems that are considered to have possibly been the precursors of prokaryotic cells
- abiotically produced organic molecule surrounded by a membrane or membrane like structure
Liposomes
- vesticles That can transport substances such as nutrients enjoys into a sale out of the cell
Explain laboratory evidence that Protobionts form spontaneously
The relative ease with which liposomes can be synthesized in laboratories
Explain Miller and Urey’s experiment
They conducted an experiment which demonstrated that several organic compounds could be formed spontaneously by stimulating conditions of earths early atmosphere
Explain Miller and Urey’s observation
They found that several organic amino acids had been formed from inorganic raw materials
Name the three domains
- archaea
- bacteria
- eukarya
archea
More complex RNA polymerase
- cell walls don’t contain peptidoglycan
- different membrane lipid bonding
bacteria
Microscopic single celled organisms , prokaryotic microorganisms
Eukarya
The domain compromise of eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a true nucleus
the 6 kingdoms of life
archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
explain the eukaryotic kingdoms and there functions
plants: they produce their own sugars and other food through photosynthesis
fungi: absorb dissolved nutrients
animals: obtainfood by eating and digesting other organisms
protista
organized plastids and mitochondria, most are unicellular
first life on earth
single called micro-organism or microbes lacking a cell nucleus or cell membrane known as prokaryotes
explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria were their own entity
one cell took in mitochondria and chloroplasts & the evidence is DNA and ribosome like hearts
How did cyanobacteria change the earth
- The oxygen atmosphere we depended on was generated by cyanobacteria
- the first free oxygen was released through this and photosynthesis
what is the oldest evidence of life on earth & how old?
- 3.8 billion years ago
- carbon isotopes showing signs of metabolism
what taxonic group isn’t a kingdom
bacteria
why taxonic group needs to be reorganized
protista
cladograms can’t tell you what?
absolute dates and branches
half life is used to determine what ?
absolute age
scientific name is made of what?
genus and species
why was the early atmosphere good for growing life?
the atmosphere was reducing
RNA is what?
self replicating and catalytic
atmospheric oxygen was produced by?
cyanobacteria
chloroplasts have what?
- circular DNA
- prokaryote like ribosomes
how did the first bacteria get nutrition ?
heterotroph
The first genetic material was most likely what?
RNA
